{"id":1000546,"date":"2024-12-27T09:51:02","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:51:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1000546.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T09:51:07","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:51:07","slug":"python%e7%88%ac%e8%99%ab%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%9c%8b%e6%ba%90%e7%a0%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1000546.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u722c\u866b\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u6e90\u7801"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u722c\u866b\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u6e90\u7801\"<\/p>\n

Python\u722c\u866b\u67e5\u770b\u6e90\u7801\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\u67e5\u770b\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\u67e5\u770b<\/strong>\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u67e5\u770bHTML\u7ed3\u6784\u548cJavaScript\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\u67e5\u770b\u6e90\u7801<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2aWeb\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u548c\u722c\u866b\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u5fc5\u5907\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u9875\u9762\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u6253\u5f00\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6309\u4e0b F12<\/code> \u952e\u6216\u53f3\u952e\u70b9\u51fb\u9875\u9762\u5e76\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u68c0\u67e5\u201d\u6765\u6253\u5f00\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6253\u5f00\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u6807\u7b7e\u9875\u7684\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6709\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u201d\u3001\u201c\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u201d\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2. \u67e5\u770bHTML\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u201c\u5143\u7d20\u201d\u6807\u7b7e\u9875\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u9875\u9762\u7684HTML\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u9875\u9762\u7684DOM\u6811\u3001CSS\u6837\u5f0f\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u722c\u866b\u5f00\u53d1\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

3. \u68c0\u67e5\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u201d\u6807\u7b7e\u9875\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08GET\u6216POST\uff09\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u9875\u9762\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u6e90\u7801<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u6709\u4e9b\u9875\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7Ajax\u8bf7\u6c42\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u5355\u9760\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u67e5\u770bHTML\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5168\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6e90\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u4f7f\u7528Python\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4f18\u79c0\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982requests<\/code>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u6e90\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import requests<\/p>\n
url = 'http:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6e90\u7801\u3002\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5206\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u83b7\u53d6URL\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4e5f\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u9644\u5e26\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u8005\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u6a21\u62df\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u9875\u5f88\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7JavaScript\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u722c\u866b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u672f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Selenium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6267\u884cJavaScript\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u901a\u8fc7JavaScript\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
driver.get('http:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
page_source = driver.page_source<\/p>\n
print(page_source)<\/p>\n
driver.quit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6e90\u7801\u3002Selenium\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u7684JavaScript\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5229\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u5de5\u5177<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u6790JavaScript\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0cPostman\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u5206\u6790HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u722c\u866b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u6e90\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u6d4b\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6765\u81ea\u722c\u866b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u5ef6\u65f6\u8bf7\u6c42\u7b49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u88ab\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
headers = {<\/p>\n
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/58.0.3029.110 Safari\/537.3'}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP\u53ef\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf\u771f\u5b9e\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u800c\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\u3002\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u4ee3\u7406IP\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed8\u8d39\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5904\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002200\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u89e3\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7684HTML\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u9875\u9762\u7684HTML\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528XPath\u6216CSS\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u6765\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u89e3\u51b3\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u662f\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/a>\u6280\u672f\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bfb\u627e\u7ed5\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u83b7\u53d6cookie\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u722c\u866b\u6027\u80fd<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u722c\u866b\u65f6\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65I\/O<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u722c\u866b\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u6709\u6548\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u722c\u866b\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u7f13\u5b58\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ed3\u679c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91cd\u590d\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f13\u5b58\u6765\u907f\u514d\u591a\u6b21\u83b7\u53d6\u540c\u4e00\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u7f6e\u722c\u53d6\u9891\u7387<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5c01\u7981IP\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u7f6e\u722c\u53d6\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u9020\u6210\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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