{"id":1001703,"date":"2024-12-27T10:02:33","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T02:02:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1001703.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T10:02:39","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T02:02:39","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8f%90%e5%8d%87%e8%bf%90%e7%ae%97%e9%80%9f%e5%ba%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1001703.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u5347\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25075751\/8b28434e-045a-4478-bdac-ac73024f73cc.webp\" alt=\"python\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u5347\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>Python\u63d0\u5347\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u5229\u7528Python\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Cython\u6216Numba\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8bd1\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5316\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u6709\u7740\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\uff08O(n log n)\uff09\u800c\u975e\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\uff08O(n^2)\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63d0\u5347Python\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002Python\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5982\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u5b57\u5178\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5217\u8868\u4e0e\u5143\u7ec4\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\u5217\u8868\u662fPython\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5143\u7ec4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5143\u7ec4\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u5217\u8868\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u800c\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u96c6\u5408\u4e0e\u5b57\u5178\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u5b57\u5178\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86O(1)\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u65f6\uff0c\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u901a\u5e38\u4f18\u4e8e\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><h3>\u4e8c\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u63d0\u5347\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u5e76\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u67e5\u627e\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u6bd4\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u8981\u5feb\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3aO(log n)\uff0c\u800c\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u4e3aO(n)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u67d0\u4e9b\u4f18\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u6570\u5217\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u6bd4\u9012\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u5feb\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><h3>\u4e09\u3001\u5229\u7528Python\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u624b\u52a8\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>NumPy\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>NumPy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u77e9\u9635\u8fd0\u7b97\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u4f7f\u7528C\u548cFortran\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u6781\u5feb\u3002\u4f7f\u7528NumPy\u7684\u77e2\u91cf\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Pandas\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>Pandas\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5206\u6790\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u7684DataFrame\u548cSeries\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u4e8e\u7eafPython\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>itertools\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>itertools\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><h3>\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Cython\u6216Numba\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u8bd1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Python\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u7f16\u8bd1\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6162\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06Python\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3aC\u6216\u673a\u5668\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Cython\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>Cython\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06Python\u4ee3\u7801\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aC\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7c7b\u578b\u58f0\u660e\uff0cCython\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Python\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684C\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Numba\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>Numba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aJIT\uff08\u5373\u65f6\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff09\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Python\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u7801\u3002\u5b83\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8NumPy\u6570\u7ec4\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Numba\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u673a\u5668\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><h3>\u4e94\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5316\u8ba1\u7b97<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u591a\u6838\u5904\u7406\u5668\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u884c\u5316\u8ba1\u7b97\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5e76\u884c\u5316\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\u7531\u4e8eGIL\uff08\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff09\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728Python\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8eI\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662fCPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u7b49I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\u5bf9\u4e8eCPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002Python\u7684multiprocessing\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838CPU\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5e76\u884c\u5e93\uff1a<\/strong><br 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