{"id":1002853,"date":"2024-12-27T10:12:21","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T02:12:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1002853.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T10:12:24","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T02:12:24","slug":"python%e7%88%ac%e8%99%ab%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%be%93%e5%85%a5%e5%af%86%e7%a0%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1002853.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u722c\u866b\u5982\u4f55\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u722c\u866b\u5982\u4f55\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u722c\u866b\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\u6846\u67b6\u4e0eFormRequest\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u4e3a\u76f4\u89c2\u4e14\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406JavaScript\u6e32\u67d3\u7684\u9875\u9762\u548c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u5b89\u88c5Selenium\u5e93\u53ca\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\uff08\u5982ChromeDriver\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u542f\u52a8\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u767b\u5f55\u9875\u9762\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u8f93\u5165\u6846\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u51ed\u636e\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u63d0\u4ea4\u767b\u5f55\u8868\u5355\u3002Selenium\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u70b9\u51fb\u6309\u94ae\u3001\u586b\u5145\u8868\u5355\u7b49\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u8fdb\u884c\u722c\u866b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u88c5Python\u5e93\u548c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.\u5b89\u88c5Selenium\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Selenium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7pip\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5Selenium\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install selenium<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.\u5b89\u88c5\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Selenium\u9700\u8981\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3002\u4ee5Chrome\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e0b\u8f7dChromeDriver\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4eceChromeDriver\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9<\/a>\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7248\u672c\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u3002\u4e0b\u8f7d\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u89e3\u538b\u5230\u7cfb\u7edfPATH\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.\u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c06ChromeDriver\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u4fee\u6539\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u9a71\u52a8\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1.\u542f\u52a8\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u542f\u52a8\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
\u521d\u59cb\u5316Chrome\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver.get('https:\/\/example.com\/login')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65b9\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u8f93\u5165\u6846\uff0c\u5e76\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u5b9a\u4f4d\u7528\u6237\u540d\u8f93\u5165\u6846\u5e76\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/p>\n
username_field = driver.find_element_by_name('username')<\/p>\n
username_field.send_keys('your_username')<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5bc6\u7801\u8f93\u5165\u6846\u5e76\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801<\/strong><\/h2>\n
password_field = driver.find_element_by_name('password')<\/p>\n
password_field.send_keys('your_password')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.\u63d0\u4ea4\u8868\u5355<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u627e\u5230\u767b\u5f55\u6309\u94ae\u5e76\u70b9\u51fb\uff0c\u63d0\u4ea4\u8868\u5355\u5b8c\u6210\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u5b9a\u4f4d\u767b\u5f55\u6309\u94ae\u5e76\u70b9\u51fb<\/p>\n
login_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath('\/\/button[@type="submit"]')<\/p>\n
login_button.click()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Cookies\u4fdd\u6301\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u767b\u5f55\u6210\u529f\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58Cookies\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524dCookies<\/p>\n
cookies = driver.get_cookies()<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u5c06Cookies\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d<\/strong><\/h2>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
session = requests.Session()<\/p>\n
for cookie in cookies:<\/p>\n
    session.cookies.set(cookie['name'], cookie['value'])<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528session\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = session.get('https:\/\/example.com\/protected_page')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406JavaScript\u6e32\u67d3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u52a8\u6001\u6e32\u67d3\u5185\u5bb9\uff0cSelenium\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u771f\u5b9e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.\u7b49\u5f85\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u9875\u9762\u5b8c\u5168\u52a0\u8f7d\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWAI<\/a>t<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u73b0<\/strong><\/h2>\n
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(<\/p>\n
    EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'myElement'))<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.\u5904\u7406\u9875\u9762\u8df3\u8f6c\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Selenium\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\u5207\u6362\u7a97\u53e3\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f39\u51fa\u6846\uff09\u6765\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u5207\u6362\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u7a97\u53e3<\/p>\n
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406\u5f39\u51fa\u6846<\/strong><\/h2>\n
alert = driver.switch_to.alert<\/p>\n
alert.accept()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1.\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u786e\u4fdd\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.\u7248\u672c\u517c\u5bb9\u6027<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u548c\u9a71\u52a8\u7248\u672c\u9700\u8981\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u542f\u52a8\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u52a0\u8f7d<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u663e\u5f0f\u7b49\u5f85\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u8fdb\u884cPython\u722c\u866b\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u548c\u63d0\u4ea4\u8868\u5355\u7b49\u3002Selenium\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406JavaScript\u6e32\u67d3\u7684\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u722c\u866b\u66f4\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u7684API\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u722c\u866b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u866b\u81ea\u52a8\u8f93\u5165\u7f51\u7ad9\u767b\u5f55\u5bc6\u7801\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u866b\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u9875\u6293\u53d6\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u8f93\u5165\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u767b\u5f55\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u914d\u5408BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u9875\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u767b\u5f55\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6355\u83b7\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u767b\u5f55\u8868\u5355\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u4f7f\u7528requests.Session()<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u767b\u5f55\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u722c\u866b\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5f88\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u5728\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u767b\u5f55\u3002\u8981\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528OCR\uff08\u5149\u5b66\u5b57\u7b26\u8bc6\u522b\uff09\u5e93\u5982pytesseract<\/code>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u624b\u52a8\u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u4e0d\u6613\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u722c\u866b\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u65f6\u4e0d\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\uff1f<\/strong>
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