{"id":1005124,"date":"2024-12-27T10:32:54","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T02:32:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1005124.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T10:32:57","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T02:32:57","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8api%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1005124.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u7528api\u51fd\u6570"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

Python\u8c03\u7528API\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u7528\u7684API\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e93\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u8fd4\u56de\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u7528API\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u652f\u6301GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\u7b49HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u8c03\u7528API\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528REQUESTS\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

requests<\/code>\u5e93\u662fPython\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684HTTP\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5requests<\/code>\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c1a\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    pip install requests<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u68c0\u7d22\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      import requests<\/p>\n
      url = "https:\/\/api.example.com\/data"<\/p>\n
      response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
      if response.status_code == 200:<\/p>\n
          data = response.json()<\/p>\n
          print(data)<\/p>\n
      else:<\/p>\n
          print(f"FAI<\/a>led to retrieve data: {response.status_code}")<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5bfc\u5165requests<\/code>\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5b9a\u4e49API\u7684URL\u3002\u4f7f\u7528requests.get()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\uff08\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a200\uff09\uff0c\u5219\u4f7f\u7528response.json()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u89e3\u6790\u4e3aJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        import requests<\/p>\n
        url = "https:\/\/api.example.com\/data"<\/p>\n
        payload = {<\/p>\n
            "name": "John",<\/p>\n
            "age": 30<\/p>\n
        }<\/p>\n
        response = requests.post(url, json=payload)<\/p>\n
        if response.status_code == 201:<\/p>\n
            print("Data submitted successfully.")<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            print(f"Failed to submit data: {response.status_code}")<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528requests.post()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7json<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u4e8c\u3001\u5904\u7406API\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728\u8c03\u7528API\u65f6\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0cAPI\u54cd\u5e94\u662f\u4ee5JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6790JSON\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u89e3\u6790JSON\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u5728\u83b7\u53d6API\u54cd\u5e94\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528response.json()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u89e3\u6790\u4e3aPython\u5b57\u5178\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          data = response.json()<\/p>\n
          print(data["name"])<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u5728\u8c03\u7528API\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            if response.status_code != 200:<\/p>\n
                print(f"Error: {response.status_code} - {response.text}")<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u7528API\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u6709\u4e9bAPI\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e13\u7528\u7684Python\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u901a\u5e38\u5c01\u88c5\u4e86API\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cGitHub\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86PyGithub<\/code>\u5e93\uff0cGoogle\u7684API\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86google-api-python-client<\/code>\u5e93\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u5b89\u88c5\u4e13\u7528\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u4e13\u7528\u7684API\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              pip install PyGithub<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u7528\u5e93\u8c03\u7528API<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528PyGithub<\/code>\u5e93\u8c03\u7528GitHub API\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                from github import Github<\/p>\n
                \u4f7f\u7528\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ee4\u724c\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                g = Github("your_access_token")<\/p>\n
                \u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                user = g.get_user("octocat")<\/p>\n
                print(user.name)<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \u56db\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u5728\u8c03\u7528\u67d0\u4e9bAPI\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ecAPI\u5bc6\u94a5\u3001OAuth\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \u4f7f\u7528API\u5bc6\u94a5<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \u67d0\u4e9bAPI\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2d\u5305\u542bAPI\u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  headers = {<\/p>\n
                      "Authorization": "Bearer YOUR_API_KEY"<\/p>\n
                  }<\/p>\n
                  response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. \u4f7f\u7528OAuth\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    OAuth\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e94\u7528\u8bbf\u95ee\u7528\u6237\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4f7f\u7528OAuth\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ee4\u724c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u4e94\u3001API\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u5728\u8c03\u7528API\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      \u5bf9\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684API\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests_cache<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u7f13\u5b58\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      pip install requests-cache<\/p>\n
                      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                      import requests_cache<\/p>\n
                      requests_cache.install_cache('api_cache', expire_after=3600)<\/p>\n
                      response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
                      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      1. \u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        \u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f7f\u7528concurrent.futures<\/code>\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        import concurrent.futures<\/p>\n
                        import requests<\/p>\n
                        urls = [<\/p>\n
                            "https:\/\/api.example.com\/data1",<\/p>\n
                            "https:\/\/api.example.com\/data2",<\/p>\n
                            "https:\/\/api.example.com\/data3"<\/p>\n
                        ]<\/p>\n
                        def fetch_data(url):<\/p>\n
                            response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
                            return response.json()<\/p>\n
                        with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:<\/p>\n
                            results = executor.map(fetch_data, urls)<\/p>\n
                        for result in results:<\/p>\n
                            print(result)<\/p>\n
                        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                        \u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528API\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u8fd8\u662f\u4e13\u7528\u7684API\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e93\uff0c\u8c03\u7528API\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                         \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001API\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1f<\/strong>
                        \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u53d1\u9001API\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u8be5\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4pip install requests<\/code>\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                        import requests\n\nresponse = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')\nif response.status_code == 200:\n    data = response.json()\n    print(data)\nelse:\n    print("\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1a", response.status_code)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u5bf9\u4e8ePOST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                        import requests\n\ndata = {'key': 'value'}\nresponse = requests.post('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', json=data)\nif response.status_code == 201:\n    print("\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u63d0\u4ea4")\nelse:\n    print("\u63d0\u4ea4\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1a", response.status_code)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406API\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
                        API\u901a\u5e38\u8fd4\u56deJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528response.json()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679cAPI\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u6587\u672c\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528response.text<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u539f\u59cb\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u6216\u5217\u8868\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
                        \u5728\u8c03\u7528API\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\uff1f<\/strong>
                        \u8c03\u7528API\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7try...except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u6355\u6349\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
                        import requests\n\ntry:\n    response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')\n    response.raise_for_status()  # \u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\n    data = response.json()\nexcept requests.exceptions.HTTPError as http_err:\n    print(f"HTTP\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f: {http_err}")\nexcept Exception as err:\n    print(f"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef: {err}")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                        \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u4fdd\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u80fd\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u8c03\u7528API\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u7528\u7684API\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5e93\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u8fd4\u56de\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1005128,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1005124"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1005124"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1005124\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1005130,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1005124\/revisions\/1005130"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1005128"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1005124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1005124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1005124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}