{"id":1005492,"date":"2024-12-27T10:36:16","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T02:36:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1005492.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T10:36:18","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T02:36:18","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e6%9e%9a%e4%b8%be%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1005492.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\"<\/p>\n

Python\u4f7f\u7528\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u5bfc\u5165enum<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7ec4\u547d\u540d\u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u5e76\u7ee7\u627fEnum<\/code>\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e38\u91cf\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u800c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u9b54\u6cd5\u6570\u5b57\uff08magic numbers\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5bfc\u5165ENUM\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u5b9a\u4e49\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7enum<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165Enum<\/code>\u7c7b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627fEnum<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff0c\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6574\u6570\u6216\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

from enum import Enum<\/p>\n
class Color(Enum):<\/p>\n
    RED = 1<\/p>\n
    GREEN = 2<\/p>\n
    BLUE = 3<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7bColor<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e09\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\uff1aRED<\/code>\u3001GREEN<\/code>\u548cBLUE<\/code>\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\u548c\u5c5e\u6027<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5355\u72ec\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u679a\u4e3e\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u548c\u503c\u662f\u53ea\u8bfb\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
print(Color.RED)           # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aColor.RED<\/p>\n
print(Color.RED.name)      # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aRED<\/p>\n
print(Color.RED.value)     # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a1<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u904d\u5386\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\u662f\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u904d\u5386\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5904\u7406\u6240\u6709\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
for color in Color:<\/p>\n
    print(color)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\uff1aColor.RED<\/code>\u3001Color.GREEN<\/code>\u3001Color.BLUE<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u552f\u4e00\u6027<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u590d\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\uff08\u5982==<\/code>\u548c!=<\/code>\uff09\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
if Color.RED == Color.GREEN:<\/p>\n
    print("Colors are the same")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("Colors are different")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cColor.RED<\/code>\u548cColor.GREEN<\/code>\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u201cColors are different\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u8d4b\u503c\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u52a8\u8d4b\u503c\u548c\u7279\u6b8a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528auto()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from enum import Enum, auto<\/p>\n
class Animal(Enum):<\/p>\n
    DOG = auto()<\/p>\n
    CAT = auto()<\/p>\n
    BIRD = auto()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cDOG<\/code>\u3001CAT<\/code>\u548cBIRD<\/code>\u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u5206\u914d\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6574\u6570\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u679a\u4e3e\u4e0e\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u6574\u6570\u7684\u8f6c\u6362<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u503c\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Enum<\/code>\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
color = Color(1)<\/p>\n
print(color)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aColor.RED<\/p>\n
color = Color['GREEN']<\/p>\n
print(color)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aColor.GREEN<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u6362\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u6269\u5c55\u4e0e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u589e\u52a0\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from enum import Enum<\/p>\n
class Status(Enum):<\/p>\n
    NEW = 1<\/p>\n
    IN_PROGRESS = 2<\/p>\n
    COMPLETED = 3<\/p>\n
    def describe(self):<\/p>\n
        return f"Status is {self.name}, code is {self.value}"<\/p>\n
print(Status.NEW.describe())  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aStatus is NEW, code is 1<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\u589e\u52a0\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u679a\u4e3e\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u679a\u4e3e\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    \u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u679a\u4e3e\u6765\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5982\u8ba2\u5355\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u9009\u9879\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u679a\u4e3e\u6765\u8868\u793a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6216\u914d\u7f6e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    \u534f\u8bae\u548c\u6807\u51c6<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u679a\u4e3e\u6765\u8868\u793a\u534f\u8bae\u4e2d\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u503c\uff0c\u5982HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    \u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u679a\u4e3e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u89d2\u8272\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u7269\u54c1\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5173\u5361\u96be\u5ea6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u603b\u7ed3\uff0cPython\u4e2d\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u800c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u540d\u5e38\u91cf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e76\u589e\u5f3a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u9009\u9879\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3001\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5904\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u662fPython\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7ec4\u547d\u540d\u5e38\u91cf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u9b54\u6cd5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7528\u9014\u5305\u62ec\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u9879\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u989c\u8272\u3001\u65b9\u5411\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4e2d\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u8981\u521b\u5efa\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528enum<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684Enum<\/code>\u7c7b\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    from enum import Enum\n\nclass Color(Enum):\n    RED = 1\n    GREEN = 2\n    BLUE = 3\n\nprint(Color.RED)          # \u8f93\u51fa: Color.RED\nprint(Color.GREEN.name)   # \u8f93\u51fa: GREEN\nprint(Color.BLUE.value)   # \u8f93\u51fa: 3\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528\u679a\u4e3e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u79f0\u6216\u503c\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u4f55\u6bd4\u8f83\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8eab\u4efd\uff08is<\/code>\uff09\u548c\u76f8\u7b49\u6027\uff08==<\/code>\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u679a\u4e3e\u6210\u5458\u65f6\uff0c\u8eab\u4efd\u6bd4\u8f83\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u683c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6210\u5458\u624d\u80fd\u8fd4\u56deTrue<\/code>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    if Color.RED is Color.GREEN:\n    print("\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u989c\u8272")\nelse:\n    print("\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u989c\u8272")  # \u8fd9\u884c\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u4f7f\u7528\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u5bfc\u5165enum\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u679a\u4e3e\u7c7b\u578b\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u7ec4\u547d\u540d\u5e38\u91cf\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u9996 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1005507,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1005492"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1005492"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1005492\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1005510,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1005492\/revisions\/1005510"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1005507"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1005492"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1005492"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1005492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}