{"id":1018374,"date":"2024-12-27T12:41:45","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T04:41:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1018374.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T12:41:47","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T04:41:47","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%94%b9%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e8%b7%af%e5%be%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1018374.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25161056\/00ea6a75-492b-4c87-b8d9-224795c7b16b.webp\" alt=\"python\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u8def\u5f84\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u5e93\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<strong>os\u6a21\u5757\u3001shutil\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>os\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684rename\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002os.rename()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os.rename()\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u662fos.rename(src, dst)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dsrc\u662f\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff0cdst\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u5b58\u5728\uff0cos.rename()\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>os.rename()\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os.rename()\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e3aos.rename(src, dst)\uff0csrc\u662f\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff0cdst\u662f\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u4ece\u65e7\u8def\u5f84\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u65b0\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>os.rename(&#39;old_path\/filename.txt&#39;, &#39;new_path\/filename.txt&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u539f\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528os.rename()\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u8def\u5f84\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0cos.rename()\u5c06\u629b\u51faFileNotFoundError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5199\u5165\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6765\u6267\u884c\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u8986\u76d6\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cos.rename()\u5c06\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\u5907\u4efd\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u4e60\u60ef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p><strong>shutil\u6a21\u5757\u7684move\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>shutil\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dshutil.move()\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u6bd4os.rename()\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528shutil.move()<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>shutil.move()\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4os.rename()\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u52a8\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u662fshutil.move(src, dst)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import shutil<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u4ece\u65e7\u8def\u5f84\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u65b0\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>shutil.move(&#39;old_path\/filename.txt&#39;, &#39;new_path\/filename.txt&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>shutil.move()\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0cshutil.move()\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u5728\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u8def\u5f84\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u5f3a<\/strong>\uff1ashutil.move()\u5728\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u79fb\u52a8\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528shutil.move()\u65f6\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6743\u9650\u548c\u8986\u76d6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u6743\u9650\u6267\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9645\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u4fee\u6539\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Python\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u540d<\/p>\n<p>old_path = &#39;old_path\/filename.txt&#39;<\/p>\n<p>new_path = old_path.replace(&#39;old_path&#39;, &#39;new_path&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>print(new_path)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1anew_path\/filename.txt<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u9645\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u9700\u4f7f\u7528os\u6216shutil\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528os.path\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os.path\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982\u5408\u5e76\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>file_name = os.path.basename(&#39;path\/to\/filename.txt&#39;)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u83b7\u53d6\u76ee\u5f55\u540d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>dir_name = os.path.dirname(&#39;path\/to\/filename.txt&#39;)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u5408\u5e76\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>new_path = os.path.join(&#39;new_path&#39;, file_name)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os.path\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u5e73\u53f0\u65e0\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u4e00\u3001OS\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002os\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528os.path.join()<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os.path.join()\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u7ec4\u4ef6\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u5408\u5e76\u65b0\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>new_path = os.path.join(&#39;new_directory&#39;, &#39;new_file.txt&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>print(new_path)  # \u5728Windows\u4e0a\u8f93\u51fa\uff1anew_directory\\new_file.txt<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os.path.join()\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u624b\u52a8\u62fc\u63a5\u8def\u5f84\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u591a\u4f59\u6216\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u4f7f\u7528os.path.split()\u548cos.path.splitext()<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>os.path.split()\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8def\u5f84\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800cos.path.splitext()\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u62c6\u5206\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os<\/p>\n<p>path = &#39;path\/to\/filename.txt&#39;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u62c6\u5206\u8def\u5f84\u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>dir_name, file_name = os.path.split(path)<\/p>\n<p>print(dir_name)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1apath\/to<\/p>\n<p>print(file_name)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1afilename.txt<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u62c6\u5206\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u540d<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>file_name_no_ext, file_ext = os.path.splitext(file_name)<\/p>\n<p>print(file_name_no_ext)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1afilename<\/p>\n<p>print(file_ext)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a.txt<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6279\u91cf\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001SHUTIL\u6a21\u5757<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>shutil\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7shutil\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>shutil.move()\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>shutil.move()\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u79fb\u52a8\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import shutil<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>shutil.move(&#39;old_directory\/old_file.txt&#39;, &#39;new_directory\/new_file.txt&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528shutil.move()\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u7684\u8986\u76d6\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>shutil.copy()\u548cshutil.copy2()<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9664\u4e86\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cshutil\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002shutil.copy()\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800cshutil.copy2()\u5728\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u7559\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import shutil<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>shutil.copy(&#39;old_directory\/old_file.txt&#39;, &#39;new_directory\/new_file.txt&#39;)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4fdd\u7559\u5143\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>shutil.copy2(&#39;old_directory\/old_file.txt&#39;, &#39;new_directory\/new_file.txt&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u4f7f\u7528shutil.copy()\u548cshutil.copy2()\u65f6\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8986\u76d6\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9645\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002Python\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u66ff\u6362\u662f\u4fee\u6539\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7str.replace()\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u90e8\u5206\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u4fee\u6539\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/p>\n<p>old_path = &#39;old_directory\/old_file.txt&#39;<\/p>\n<p>new_path = old_path.replace(&#39;old_directory&#39;, &#39;new_directory&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>print(new_path)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1anew_directory\/old_file.txt<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea7\u751f\u5b9e\u9645\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62fc\u63a5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Python\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62fc\u63a5\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u52a0\u6cd5\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u62fc\u63a5\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u62fc\u63a5\u65b0\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<p>dir_name = &#39;new_directory&#39;<\/p>\n<p>file_name = &#39;new_file.txt&#39;<\/p>\n<p>new_path = dir_name + &#39;\/&#39; + file_name<\/p>\n<p>print(new_path)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1anew_directory\/new_file.txt<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u62fc\u63a5\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u8def\u5f84\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0cos.path.join()\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u56db\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u9700\u8981\u7262\u8bb0\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u65f6\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6743\u9650\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u64cd\u4f5c\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6743\u9650\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u6216\u590d\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u8def\u5f84\u5b58\u5728\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u79fb\u52a8\u8fd8\u662f\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4FileNotFoundError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528os.rename()\u65f6\u5c24\u5176\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u800cshutil.move()\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u5907\u4efd<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5907\u4efd\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u8986\u76d6\u73b0\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5907\u4efd\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u6587\u4ef6\u8986\u76d6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u65e0\u8bba\u662fos.rename()\u8fd8\u662fshutil.move()\uff0c\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u540c\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u90fd\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u76ee\u6807\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u6548\u907f\u514d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u3001shutil\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u901a\u8fc7<code>os.path.join()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>os.chdir()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u66f4\u6539\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Python\u652f\u6301\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528<code>os.path.join()<\/code>\u5916\uff0c\u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>pathlib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684<code>Path<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u901a\u8fc7<code>Path<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u659c\u6760<code>\/<\/code>\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u6765\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u8ba9\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u90fd\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>os.path.exists()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>try-except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u8def\u5f84\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u5e93\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c 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