{"id":1048069,"date":"2024-12-31T13:47:51","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T05:47:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1048069.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T13:47:54","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T05:47:54","slug":"%e7%a8%8b%e5%ba%8f%e8%af%ad%e8%a8%80python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8a%93%e5%8f%96%e4%bf%a1%e6%81%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1048069.html","title":{"rendered":"\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bed\u8a00python\u5982\u4f55\u6293\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bed\u8a00python\u5982\u4f55\u6293\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\"<\/p>\n

\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bed\u8a00Python\u5982\u4f55\u6293\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5229\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u6293\u53d6\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u4e14\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\u3001\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5229\u7528HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528HTML\u89e3\u6790\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6293\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\u662fPython\u6293\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002Python\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\u662frequests<\/code>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import requests<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
content = response.text<\/p>\n
print(content)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7params<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u5e26\u6709\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
params = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/example.com', params=params)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u3002Python\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5e93\u662fBeautifulSoup<\/code>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efaBeautifulSoup\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
title = soup.title.string<\/p>\n
print(title)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u9664\u4e86\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d6\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7684\u94fe\u63a5<\/p>\n
links = soup.find_all('a')<\/p>\n
for link in links:<\/p>\n
    print(link.get('href'))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5f88\u591a\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u901a\u8fc7JavaScript\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528selenium<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
\u542f\u52a8\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n
browser = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u9875<\/strong><\/h2>\n
browser.get('https:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
content = browser.page_source<\/p>\n
print(content)<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n
browser.quit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528selenium<\/code>\u5e93\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u70b9\u51fb\u6309\u94ae\u3001\u586b\u5199\u8868\u5355\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u627e\u5230\u6309\u94ae\u5e76\u70b9\u51fb<\/p>\n
button = browser.find_element_by_id('button-id')<\/p>\n
button.click()<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d<\/strong><\/h2>\n
import time<\/p>\n
time.sleep(5)<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
content = browser.page_source<\/p>\n
print(content)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528selenium<\/code>\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests-html<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u3002requests-html<\/code>\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5904\u7406JavaScript\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from requests_html import HTMLSession<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session = HTMLSession()<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = session.get('https:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85JavaScript\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response.html.render()<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
content = response.html.html<\/p>\n
print(content)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u5728\u6210\u529f\u6293\u53d6\u5230\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pandas<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5230CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efaDataFrame<\/strong><\/h2>\n
data = {'column1': ['value1', 'value2'], 'column2': ['value3', 'value4']}<\/p>\n
df = pd.DataFrame(data)<\/p>\n
\u5b58\u50a8\u5230CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df.to_csv('data.csv', index=False)<\/p>\n
\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/data.db')<\/p>\n
df.to_sql('table_name', engine, index=False)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26\u3001\u8f6c\u6362\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u53bb\u9664\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26<\/p>\n
df['column1'] = df['column1'].str.strip()<\/p>\n
\u8f6c\u6362\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df['column2'] = df['column2'].astype(int)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u3001\u5728\u6293\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u722c\u866b\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u722c\u866b\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/58.0.3029.110 Safari\/537.3'}<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get('https:\/\/example.com', headers=headers)<\/p>\n
    print(response.text)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514dIP\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      proxies = {'http': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:3128', 'https': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:1080'}<\/p>\n
      response = requests.get('https:\/\/example.com', proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
      print(response.text)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u9694<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u53d1\u9001\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4IP\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        import time<\/p>\n
        for i in range(10):<\/p>\n
            response = requests.get('https:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
            print(response.text)<\/p>\n
            # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u9694<\/p>\n
            time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u4f7f\u7528\u968f\u673a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u548c\u4ee3\u7406<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u968f\u673a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u722c\u866b\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import random<\/p>\n
          user_agents = [<\/p>\n
              'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/58.0.3029.110 Safari\/537.3',<\/p>\n
              'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/60.0.3112.113 Safari\/537.36',<\/p>\n
              'Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/61.0.3163.100 Safari\/537.36'<\/p>\n
          ]<\/p>\n
          proxies = [<\/p>\n
              {'http': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:3128', 'https': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.10:1080'},<\/p>\n
              {'http': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.11:3128', 'https': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.11:1080'},<\/p>\n
              {'http': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.12:3128', 'https': 'http:\/\/10.10.1.12:1080'}<\/p>\n
          ]<\/p>\n
          for i in range(10):<\/p>\n
              headers = {'User-Agent': random.choice(user_agents)}<\/p>\n
              proxy = random.choice(proxies)<\/p>\n
              response = requests.get('https:\/\/example.com', headers=headers, proxies=proxy)<\/p>\n
              print(response.text)<\/p>\n
              time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          Python\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6293\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\u3001\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728\u6293\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514dIP\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u9694\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u722c\u866b\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
           \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
          \u4f7f\u7528Python\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e93\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982requests<\/code>\u548cBeautifulSoup<\/code>\u3002requests<\/code>\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4ece\u7f51\u9875\u83b7\u53d6\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u800cBeautifulSoup<\/code>\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u7f16\u5199\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6293\u53d6\u5e76\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\uff1f<\/strong>
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