{"id":105072,"date":"2024-04-16T17:01:04","date_gmt":"2024-04-16T09:01:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/105072.html"},"modified":"2024-04-16T17:01:05","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T09:01:05","slug":"android-app%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e5%8c%96%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7%e6%9c%89%e5%93%aa%e4%ba%9b-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/105072.html","title":{"rendered":"android app\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"android<\/p>\n

Android\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ecEspresso\u3001UI Automator\u3001Robotium\u3001Appium<\/strong>\u3001\u548cCalabash\u7b49\u3002Among these, Espresso<\/strong> is significantly popular for its integration with the Android SDK, offering powerful API to conduct UI tests efficiently.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Espresso is designed for Android and is primarily used for writing concise, reliable UI tests. Google mAI<\/a>ntains Espresso, which integrates seamlessly with the Android Studio IDE and the Gradle build system. The tool provides synchronous method execution that ensures that the test operations only occur when the application is in a stable state. The API is rich and allows testers to emulate user interactions and introspect the UI at runtime to verify state and functionality.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001ESPRESSO<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Espresso\u662fGoogle\u63a8\u51fa\u7684Android\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7279\u70b9\u4e3a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u96c6\u6210\u3002Espresso<\/strong> \u4f7f\u5f97\u7f16\u5199Android UI\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53d8\u5f97\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u975e\u4fb5\u5165\u5f0f\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u5176\u4e0eAndroid Studio\u548cGradle\u6784\u5efa\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u59cb\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Espresso\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684API\u96c6\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u5b9a\u4f4dUI\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5e76\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Espresso\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u8f7b\u677e\u6a21\u62df\u70b9\u51fb\u3001\u6eda\u52a8\u3001\u5212\u52a8\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u68c0\u67e5View\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002Espresso Test Recorder\u5de5\u5177\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5f55\u5236\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210Espresso\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001UI AUTOMATOR<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

UI Automator<\/strong> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709Android\u7248\u9762\u7684\u901a\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002UI Automator\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u8de8\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u50cf\u72b6\u6001\u680f\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u83dc\u5355\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u7684UI\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u5de5\u5177\u7684UI Automator Viewer\u4f7f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u5206\u6790Android\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684UI\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210XPath\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u9009\u62e9\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f9b\u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002UI Automator\u652f\u6301\u4eceAndroid 4.3\uff08API\u7ea7\u522b18\uff09\u5230\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684Android\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0eAndroid Test Orchestrator\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u72ec\u7acb\u6267\u884c\u6216\u8c03\u8bd5\u60a8\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001ROBOTIUM<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Robotium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aAndroid\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7248\u672c\u7684Android\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002Robotium<\/strong> \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684API\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u5f3a\u5065\u4e14\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u9ed1\u76d2\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1Robotium\u5728\u65b0\u5de5\u5177\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u6709\u6240\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u90a3\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u4ea4\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Robotium\u6613\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6377\u5730\u4e0eAnt\u6216Maven\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\u5176\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u7684\u811a\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a0\u901f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001APPIUM<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Appium<\/strong> \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u540c\u65f6\u4e3aiOS\u3001Android\u5e73\u53f0\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002Appium\u57fa\u4e8eWebDriver\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5305\u62ecJava\u3001JavaScript\u3001Python\u7b49\u3002Appium\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u5230\u5904\u8fd0\u884c\u201d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Appium\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684Web\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u4efb\u4f55\u5e94\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u3002Appium\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528REST API\u63a5\u6536\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9Appium\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u96c6\u6210\u5230CI\/CD<\/a>\u6d41\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b9e\u73b0\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001CALABASH<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Calabash<\/strong> \u7531Xamarin\u516c\u53f8\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Cucumber\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002Calabash\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e24\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8eAndroid\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8eiOS\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u4eab\u7740\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684API\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4eba\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u63a5\u8fd1\u5e73\u5e38\u53e3\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u975e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4e5f\u80fd\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cCalabash\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u767e\u79cd\u5b9e\u9645\u8bbe\u5907\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4f60\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fddAndroid\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u63a7\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u5468\u671f\u4e2d\u53ca\u65e9\u53d1\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a0\u5feb\u53d1\u5e03\u5468\u671f\u3001\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5e94\u7528\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728android app\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u672c\u3002\u5728android app\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d4b\u8bd5\u8986\u76d6\u7387\uff0c\u7f29\u77ed\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4eba\u5de5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7387\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728android app\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5e38\u7528\u7684android app\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    Appium\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u5e73\u53f0\uff08\u5305\u62ecandroid\uff09\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Espresso\uff1a\u8c37\u6b4c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684android\u5b98\u65b9\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199UI\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5728android\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Robot Framework\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5305\u62ecandroid\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199android app\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    UI Automator\uff1a\u8c37\u6b4c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8eandroid\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\uff08UI\uff09\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199java\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u6267\u884cUI\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    Calabash\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u57fa\u4e8ecucumber\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u5e73\u53f0\uff08\u5305\u62ecandroid\uff09\u548c\u591a\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u81ea\u5df1\u7684android app\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u9009\u62e9android app\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      \u9700\u6c42\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u80fd\u591f\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9UI\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u591a\u5e73\u53f0\u652f\u6301\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      \u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u719f\u6089\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4f1a\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0a\u624b\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      \u793e\u533a\u652f\u6301\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u62e5\u6709\u6d3b\u8dc3\u793e\u533a\u652f\u6301\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    4. \n

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    5. \n

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