{"id":1056445,"date":"2024-12-31T14:59:45","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T06:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1056445.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T14:59:48","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T06:59:48","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%90%8c%e6%97%b6%e5%90%af%e4%b8%a4%e4%b8%aa%e8%bf%9b%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1056445.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u540c\u65f6\u542f\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u540c\u65f6\u542f\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528 Python \u540c\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6a21\u5757\uff08\u5982 multiprocessing \u6a21\u5757\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 multiprocessing \u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 subprocess \u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 os.fork() \u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 multiprocessing \u6a21\u5757\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u548c\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 multiprocessing \u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 multiprocessing \u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python \u7684 multiprocessing \u6a21\u5757\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 multiprocessing \u6a21\u5757\u540c\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import multiprocessing<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def worker_1():<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 1 starting")<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(2)<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 1 finished")<\/p>\n
def worker_2():<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 2 starting")<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(3)<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 2 finished")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__mAI<\/a>n__":<\/p>\n
    process_1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker_1)<\/p>\n
    process_2 = multiprocessing.Process(target=worker_2)<\/p>\n
    process_1.start()<\/p>\n
    process_2.start()<\/p>\n
    process_1.join()<\/p>\n
    process_2.join()<\/p>\n
    print("Both processes finished")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570 worker_1<\/code> \u548c worker_2<\/code>\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6a21\u62df\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b process_1<\/code> \u548c process_2<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u542f\u52a8\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 join()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u5f85\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u5b8c\u6210\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838 CPU \u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 subprocess \u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
subprocess \u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0e\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 subprocess \u6a21\u5757\u540c\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import subprocess<\/p>\n
def run_command(command):<\/p>\n
    process = subprocess.Popen(command, shell=True)<\/p>\n
    process.wait()<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    command_1 = "python3 -c 'import time; time.sleep(2); print(\\"Command 1 finished\\")'"<\/p>\n
    command_2 = "python3 -c 'import time; time.sleep(3); print(\\"Command 2 finished\\")'"<\/p>\n
    process_1 = subprocess.Popen(command_1, shell=True)<\/p>\n
    process_2 = subprocess.Popen(command_2, shell=True)<\/p>\n
    process_1.wait()<\/p>\n
    process_2.wait()<\/p>\n
    print("Both commands finished")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 subprocess.Popen<\/code> \u6765\u542f\u52a8\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 wait()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u5f85\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u5b8c\u6210\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c shell \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u547d\u4ee4\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 os.fork() \u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
os.fork()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 os.fork()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u540c\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def worker_1():<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 1 starting")<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(2)<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 1 finished")<\/p>\n
def worker_2():<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 2 starting")<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(3)<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 2 finished")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    pid = os.fork()<\/p>\n
    if pid == 0:<\/p>\n
        worker_1()<\/p>\n
    else:<\/p>\n
        pid = os.fork()<\/p>\n
        if pid == 0:<\/p>\n
            worker_2()<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            os.wait()<\/p>\n
            os.wait()<\/p>\n
            print("Both processes finished")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 os.fork()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c worker_1<\/code> \u548c worker_2<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 os.wait()<\/code> \u7b49\u5f85\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u5b8c\u6210\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684 fork \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u592a\u9002\u5408\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 concurrent.futures \u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
concurrent.futures \u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 concurrent.futures \u6a21\u5757\u540c\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import concurrent.futures<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def worker_1():<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 1 starting")<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(2)<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 1 finished")<\/p>\n
    return "Worker 1 result"<\/p>\n
def worker_2():<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 2 starting")<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(3)<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 2 finished")<\/p>\n
    return "Worker 2 result"<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor() as executor:<\/p>\n
        future_1 = executor.submit(worker_1)<\/p>\n
        future_2 = executor.submit(worker_2)<\/p>\n
        result_1 = future_1.result()<\/p>\n
        result_2 = future_2.result()<\/p>\n
    print("Both processes finished")<\/p>\n
    print("Result 1:", result_1)<\/p>\n
    print("Result 2:", result_2)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor<\/code> \u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 submit<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4ea4\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528 result<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u63a5\u53e3\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6c60\u4e24\u79cd\u5e76\u53d1\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 threading \u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1 threading \u6a21\u5757\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u800c\u975e\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 threading \u6a21\u5757\u540c\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import threading<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def worker_1():<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 1 starting")<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(2)<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 1 finished")<\/p>\n
def worker_2():<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 2 starting")<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(3)<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 2 finished")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    thread_1 = threading.Thread(target=worker_1)<\/p>\n
    thread_2 = threading.Thread(target=worker_2)<\/p>\n
    thread_1.start()<\/p>\n
    thread_2.start()<\/p>\n
    thread_1.join()<\/p>\n
    thread_2.join()<\/p>\n
    print("Both threads finished")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 threading.Thread<\/code> \u6765\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u542f\u52a8\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c worker_1<\/code> \u548c worker_2<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 join()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u5f85\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u90fd\u5b8c\u6210\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cPython \u7684 GIL\uff08\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff09\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4e8e CPU \u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 asyncio \u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
asyncio \u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e I\/O \u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528 asyncio \u6a21\u5757\u540c\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u4e24\u4e2a\u534f\u7a0b\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import asyncio<\/p>\n
async def worker_1():<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 1 starting")<\/p>\n
    await asyncio.sleep(2)<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 1 finished")<\/p>\n
async def worker_2():<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 2 starting")<\/p>\n
    await asyncio.sleep(3)<\/p>\n
    print("Worker 2 finished")<\/p>\n
async def main():<\/p>\n
    await asyncio.gather(worker_1(), worker_2())<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    asyncio.run(main())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570 worker_1<\/code> \u548c worker_2<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528 asyncio.gather<\/code> \u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 asyncio.run<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u6d01\u5730\u7f16\u5199\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408 I\/O \u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. multiprocessing \u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. subprocess \u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u5916\u90e8\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. os.fork() \u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. concurrent.futures \u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u7ea7\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u5e76\u53d1\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n
  5. threading \u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e I\/O \u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u53d7 GIL \u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u6709\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n
  6. asyncio \u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e I\/O \u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7b80\u6d01\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0 Python \u540c\u65f6\u542f\u52a8\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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