{"id":1059683,"date":"2024-12-31T15:27:21","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T07:27:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1059683.html"},"modified":"2024-12-31T15:27:23","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T07:27:23","slug":"python%e8%af%bb%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%90%8e%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%85%b3%e9%97%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1059683.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u8bfb\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u5982\u4f55\u5173\u95ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u8bfb\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u5982\u4f55\u5173\u95ed\"<\/p>\n

Python\u8bfb\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u5982\u4f55\u5173\u95ed<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u7ba1\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u624b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u7ba1\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u662fPython\u4e2d\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

with open('config.ini', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    config_data = file.read()<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5728\u5757\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u6700\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u624b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
file = open('config.ini', 'r')<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    config_data = file.read()<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    file.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86try...finally<\/code>\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6587\u4ef6\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u3002\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class ConfigFile:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, filename):<\/p>\n
        self.filename = filename<\/p>\n
        self.file = None<\/p>\n
    def __enter__(self):<\/p>\n
        self.file = open(self.filename, 'r')<\/p>\n
        return self.file<\/p>\n
    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):<\/p>\n
        if self.file:<\/p>\n
            self.file.close()<\/p>\n
with ConfigFile('config.ini') as file:<\/p>\n
    config_data = file.read()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/a>\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982configparser<\/code>\u3001json<\/code>\u548cyaml<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001configparser<\/code>\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
configparser<\/code>\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6.ini<\/code>\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import configparser<\/p>\n
config = configparser.ConfigParser()<\/p>\n
config.read('config.ini')<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001json<\/code>\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
json<\/code>\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6.json<\/code>\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
with open('config.json', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    config_data = json.load(file)<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001yaml<\/code>\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
yaml<\/code>\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6.yaml<\/code>\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import yaml<\/p>\n
with open('config.yaml', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    config_data = yaml.SAFe<\/a>_load(file)<\/p>\n
\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5df2\u7ecf\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong>\u662f\u6700\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7b80\u6d01\u3001\u6613\u8bfb\u4e14\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e38\u89c4\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5e93\uff0cwith<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u90fd\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u8c03\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    with open('config.ini', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
        config_data = file.read()<\/p>\n
except FileNotFoundError:<\/p>\n
    print("\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u672a\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u8bf7\u68c0\u67e5\u8def\u5f84\u3002")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    with open('config.ini', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
        config_data = file.read()<\/p>\n
except PermissionError:<\/p>\n
    print("\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    with open('config.json', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
        config_data = json.load(file)<\/p>\n
except json.JSONDecodeError:<\/p>\n
    print("\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\u3002")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u3001\u624b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fddPython\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u3002with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u6700\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u7b80\u6d01\u6613\u8bfb\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e93\u5982configparser<\/code>\u3001json<\/code>\u548cyaml<\/code>\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u7f6e\u7684configparser<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff08\u5982with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\uff09\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u6216\u7f3a\u5c11\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9879\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff08\u5982INI\u3001JSON\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u4f7f\u7528try-except<\/code>\u5757\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u624b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6253\u5f00\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u624b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u8c03\u7528close()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8d44\u6e90\u5f97\u5230\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u9075\u5faa\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u9501\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u8bfb\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u5982\u4f55\u5173\u95ed\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528with\u8bed\u53e5\u7ba1\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u624b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668 \u4f7f\u7528Pytho […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1059688,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1059683"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1059683"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1059683\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1059689,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1059683\/revisions\/1059689"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1059688"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1059683"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1059683"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1059683"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}