{"id":1071946,"date":"2025-01-08T11:11:49","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T03:11:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1071946.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T11:11:52","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T03:11:52","slug":"python%e5%86%99%e7%9a%84app%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%9e%e7%bd%91%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1071946.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5199\u7684app\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u7f51\u4f7f\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5199\u7684app\u5982\u4f55\u8fde\u7f51\u4f7f\u7528\"<\/p>\n

Python\u5199\u7684app\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fde\u7f51\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982requests\u3001socket\u3001http.client\u7b49\u5e93\u3002\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528socket\u5e93\u3001\u4f7f\u7528http.client\u5e93<\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u548c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002requests\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u6d01\u7684API\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u8fdb\u884cHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u6765\u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u53d1\u9001GET\u548cPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
data = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
response = requests.post('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', data=data)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86requests\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aGET\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u4e00\u4e2aPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u4e86\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
requests\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(response.status_code)<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5934<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(response.headers)<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6JSON\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(response.json())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528socket\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u521b\u5efa\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528socket\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5e95\u5c42\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684TCP\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import socket<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\/IP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n
server_address = ('www.example.com', 80)<\/p>\n
sock.connect(server_address)<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
    message = 'GET \/ HTTP\/1.1\\r\\nHost: www.example.com\\r\\n\\r\\n'<\/p>\n
    sock.sendall(message.encode())<\/p>\n
    # \u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n
    response = sock.recv(4096)<\/p>\n
    print(response.decode())<\/p>\n
finally:<\/p>\n
    # \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
    sock.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u521b\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684TCP\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import socket<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aTCP\/IP\u5957\u63a5\u5b57<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)<\/p>\n
\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u5230\u7aef\u53e3<\/strong><\/h2>\n
server_address = ('localhost', 10000)<\/p>\n
sock.bind(server_address)<\/p>\n
\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sock.listen(1)<\/p>\n
while True:<\/p>\n
    # \u7b49\u5f85\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
    connection, client_address = sock.accept()<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        print('\u8fde\u63a5\u6765\u81ea', client_address)<\/p>\n
        # \u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
        data = connection.recv(4096)<\/p>\n
        print('\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e:', data.decode())<\/p>\n
        # \u53d1\u9001\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n
        if data:<\/p>\n
            connection.sendall(data)<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            break<\/p>\n
    finally:<\/p>\n
        # \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n
        connection.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528http.client\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u521b\u5efaHTTP\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
http.client\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import http.client<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = http.client.HTTPConnection('www.example.com')<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.request('GET', '\/')<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = conn.getresponse()<\/p>\n
print(response.status, response.reason)<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
data = response.read()<\/p>\n
print(data.decode())<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u5f02\u5e38<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u5f02\u5e38\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try-except\u5757\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
    response.rAI<\/a>se_for_status()<\/p>\n
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as http_err:<\/p>\n
    print(f'HTTP\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f: {http_err}')<\/p>\n
except Exception as err:<\/p>\n
    print(f'\u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f: {err}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528aiohttp\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5aiohttp\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pip install aiohttp<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u53d1\u9001\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import aiohttp<\/p>\n
import asyncio<\/p>\n
async def fetch(session, url):<\/p>\n
    async with session.get(url) as response:<\/p>\n
        return await response.text()<\/p>\n
async def main():<\/p>\n
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:<\/p>\n
        html = await fetch(session, 'https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
        print(html)<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
asyncio.run(main())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5904\u7406JSON\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3Web\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0cJSON\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684json\u5e93\u6765\u5904\u7406JSON\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790JSON\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/h2>\n
data = response.json()<\/p>\n
print(data)<\/p>\n
\u751f\u6210JSON\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
json_data = json.dumps({'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'})<\/p>\n
print(json_data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u62a4\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982API\u5bc6\u94a5\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os\u5e93\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
api_key = os.getenv('API_KEY')<\/p>\n
print(api_key)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684logging\u5e93\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import logging<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)<\/p>\n
\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7<\/strong><\/h2>\n
logging.info('\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u4fe1\u606f\u65e5\u5fd7')<\/p>\n
logging.error('\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u9519\u8bef\u65e5\u5fd7')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528unittest\u5e93\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import unittest<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
class TestAPI(unittest.TestCase):<\/p>\n
    def test_get(self):<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)<\/p>\n
    def test_post(self):<\/p>\n
        data = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
        response = requests.post('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', data=data)<\/p>\n
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    unittest.main()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u3001\u90e8\u7f72\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u90e8\u7f72\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u6765\u90e8\u7f72Python\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Heroku\u3001AWS\u3001Google Cloud\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f7f\u7528Flask\u90e8\u7f72\u5230Heroku\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u521b\u5efaFlask\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/')<\/p>\n
def hello():<\/p>\n
    return 'Hello, World!'<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    app.run()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u521b\u5efaProcfile<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aProcfile\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
web: python app.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u90e8\u7f72\u5230Heroku<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
# \u767b\u5f55Heroku<\/p>\n
heroku login<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efaHeroku\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n
heroku create<\/p>\n
\u63a8\u9001\u4ee3\u7801\u5230Heroku<\/strong><\/h2>\n
git add .<\/p>\n
git commit -m "Initial commit"<\/p>\n
git push heroku master<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00Heroku\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n
heroku open<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Flask\u5e94\u7528\u90e8\u7f72\u5230Heroku\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cPython\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5e93\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u60a8\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\uff1f<\/strong>
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