{"id":1080069,"date":"2025-01-08T12:26:41","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:26:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1080069.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T12:26:43","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:26:43","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%89%b9%e9%87%8f%e4%bf%ae%e6%94%b9%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%90%8d%e7%a7%b0-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1080069.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u6279\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u6279\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6279\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u548cshutil\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002os\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800cshutil\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3001\u5c06\u65e7\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002os\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3001\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u6279\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u901a\u8fc7os.listdir()\u6216os.walk()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5728\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u751f\u6210\u7b26\u5408\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528os.rename()\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5bfc\u5165\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165os\u548cshutil\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import os<\/p>\n
import shutil<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os.listdir()\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6b64\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408os.path.isfile()\u51fd\u6570\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
directory = 'path\/to\/your\/directory'<\/p>\n
files = [f for f in os.listdir(directory) if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(directory, f))]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u4f9b\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u7f16\u53f7\u91cd\u547d\u540d<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5c06\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3afile_1, file_2, file_3\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
for i, file in enumerate(files):<\/p>\n
    new_name = f'file_{i+1}{os.path.splitext(file)[1]}'<\/p>\n
    os.rename(os.path.join(directory, file), os.path.join(directory, new_name))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u6dfb\u52a0\u524d\u7f00\u6216\u540e\u7f00<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u6216\u540e\u7f00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
prefix = 'new_'<\/p>\n
suffix = '_backup'<\/p>\n
for file in files:<\/p>\n
    new_name = f'{prefix}{os.path.splitext(file)[0]}{suffix}{os.path.splitext(file)[1]}'<\/p>\n
    os.rename(os.path.join(directory, file), os.path.join(directory, new_name))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u91cd\u547d\u540d<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u95f4\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
for file in files:<\/p>\n
    creation_time = os.path.getctime(os.path.join(directory, file))<\/p>\n
    new_name = f'{creation_time}{os.path.splitext(file)[1]}'<\/p>\n
    os.rename(os.path.join(directory, file), os.path.join(directory, new_name))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u6d4b\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u540e\u6dfb\u52a0\u6570\u5b57\u540e\u7f00\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
for file in files:<\/p>\n
    new_name = f'file_{os.path.getctime(os.path.join(directory, file))}{os.path.splitext(file)[1]}'<\/p>\n
    new_path = os.path.join(directory, new_name)<\/p>\n
    # \u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u51b2\u7a81<\/p>\n
    count = 1<\/p>\n
    while os.path.exists(new_path):<\/p>\n
        new_name = f'file_{os.path.getctime(os.path.join(directory, file))}_{count}{os.path.splitext(file)[1]}'<\/p>\n
        new_path = os.path.join(directory, new_name)<\/p>\n
        count += 1<\/p>\n
    os.rename(os.path.join(directory, file), new_path)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u7ed3\u5408shutil\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408shutil\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5c06\u5176\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
destination_directory = 'path\/to\/destination\/directory'<\/p>\n
for file in files:<\/p>\n
    new_name = f'file_{os.path.getctime(os.path.join(directory, file))}{os.path.splitext(file)[1]}'<\/p>\n
    new_path = os.path.join(destination_directory, new_name)<\/p>\n
    count = 1<\/p>\n
    while os.path.exists(new_path):<\/p>\n
        new_name = f'file_{os.path.getctime(os.path.join(directory, file))}_{count}{os.path.splitext(file)[1]}'<\/p>\n
        new_path = os.path.join(destination_directory, new_name)<\/p>\n
        count += 1<\/p>\n
    shutil.move(os.path.join(directory, file), new_path)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os.walk()\u51fd\u6570\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory):<\/p>\n
    for file in files:<\/p>\n
        new_name = f'file_{os.path.getctime(os.path.join(root, file))}{os.path.splitext(file)[1]}'<\/p>\n
        new_path = os.path.join(root, new_name)<\/p>\n
        count = 1<\/p>\n
        while os.path.exists(new_path):<\/p>\n
            new_name = f'file_{os.path.getctime(os.path.join(root, file))}_{count}{os.path.splitext(file)[1]}'<\/p>\n
            new_path = os.path.join(root, new_name)<\/p>\n
            count += 1<\/p>\n
        os.rename(os.path.join(root, file), new_path)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6279\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u901a\u8fc7os\u6a21\u5757\u548cshutil\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u4ef6\u904d\u5386\u3001\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3001\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6279\u91cf\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u6279\u91cf\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u83b7\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5185\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u5408os.rename()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u9010\u4e00\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u6dfb\u52a0\u524d\u7f00\u6216\u540e\u7f00\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1f<\/strong>
\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982pathlib<\/code>\u548cpyrename<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u7528\u6237\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u64cd\u4f5c\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528glob<\/code>\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5339\u914d\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6279\u91cf\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u8986\u76d6\u5df2\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff08\u5982\u6570\u5b57\u540e\u7f00\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\uff09\u6765\u907f\u514d\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5728\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os.path.exists()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u68c0\u67e5\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u8df3\u8fc7\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6216\u81ea\u52a8\u8c03\u6574\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62\u6587\u4ef6\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6279\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u548cshutil\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002os\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u529f\u80fd […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1080076,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1080069"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1080069"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1080069\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1080078,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1080069\/revisions\/1080078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1080076"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1080069"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1080069"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1080069"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}