{"id":1080266,"date":"2025-01-08T12:28:28","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:28:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1080266.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T12:28:30","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T04:28:30","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e6%97%b6%e8%bf%9e%e6%8e%a5%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1080266.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\"<\/p>\n

Python\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0cPython\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e93\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684Python\u5e93\u5305\u62ec\uff1aSQLite\uff08sqlite3\uff09\u3001MySQL\uff08MySQL Connector\/PyMySQL\uff09\u3001PostgreSQL\uff08psycopg2\uff09\u3001SQL Server\uff08pyodbc\uff09\u3001MongoDB\uff08pymongo\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001SQLite<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

SQLite\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0cPython\u5185\u7f6e\u652f\u6301SQLite\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528sqlite3<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM users')<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.close()<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001MySQL<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8eMySQL\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528mysql-connector-python<\/code>\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import mysql.connector<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u5230MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = mysql.connector.connect(<\/p>\n
    host='localhost',<\/p>\n
    user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
    password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
    database='yourdatabase'<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM users')<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.close()<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001PostgreSQL<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8ePostgreSQL\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psycopg2<\/code>\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import psycopg2<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u5230PostgreSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = psycopg2.connect(<\/p>\n
    host='localhost',<\/p>\n
    database='yourdatabase',<\/p>\n
    user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
    password='yourpassword'<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM users')<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.close()<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u6846\u67b6\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
ORM\uff08Object-Relational Mapping\uff09\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u5199SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Python ORM\u6846\u67b6\u6709SQLAlchemy\u3001Django ORM\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001SQLAlchemy<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Python ORM\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql:\/\/yourusername:yourpassword@localhost\/yourdatabase')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session = Session()<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
users = session.execute('SELECT * FROM users').fetchall()<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001Django ORM<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Django\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684Python web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5176\u5185\u7f6e\u7684ORM\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from django.db import models<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
class User(models.Model):<\/p>\n
    name = models.CharField(max_length=100)<\/p>\n
    emAI<\/a>l = models.EmailField()<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237<\/strong><\/h2>\n
users = User.objects.all()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u7528\u5df2\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u9500\u6bc1\u8fde\u63a5\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5f00\u9500\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u5e93\u6709SQLAlchemy<\/code>\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u3001DBUtils<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
SQLAlchemy\u5185\u7f6e\u652f\u6301\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u4f7f\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u5e76\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = create_engine(<\/p>\n
    'mysql+pymysql:\/\/yourusername:yourpassword@localhost\/yourdatabase',<\/p>\n
    pool_size=10,  # \u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n
    max_overflow=20,  # \u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6ea2\u51fa\u8fde\u63a5\u6570<\/p>\n
    pool_timeout=30,  # \u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u83b7\u53d6\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n
    pool_recycle=1800  # \u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u4e2d\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u56de\u6536\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session = Session()<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
users = session.execute('SELECT * FROM users').fetchall()<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528DBUtils\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
DBUtils\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from DBUtils.PooledDB import PooledDB<\/p>\n
import pymysql<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/strong><\/h2>\n
pool = PooledDB(<\/p>\n
    creator=pymysql,  # \u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8<\/p>\n
    maxconnections=10,  # \u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570<\/p>\n
    mincached=2,  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570<\/p>\n
    maxcached=5,  # \u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u4e2d\u6700\u591a\u7f13\u5b58\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570<\/p>\n
    blocking=True,  # \u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u65f6\u662f\u5426\u963b\u585e<\/p>\n
    host='localhost',<\/p>\n
    user='yourusername',<\/p>\n
    password='yourpassword',<\/p>\n
    database='yourdatabase'<\/p>\n
)<\/p>\n
\u4ece\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = pool.connection()<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM users')<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\u548c\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u8fde\u63a5\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5230\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u4e2d\uff09<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.close()<\/p>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3001ORM\u6846\u67b6\u4ee5\u53ca\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u4e14\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1bORM\u6846\u67b6<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\uff1b\u914d\u7f6e\u8fde\u63a5\u6c60<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u65e0\u8bba\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u60a8\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1Python\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7075\u6d3b\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1f<\/strong>
Python\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u3001SQLite\uff09\u548c\u975e\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982MongoDB\uff09\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528mysql-connector-python<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5MySQL\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528psycopg2<\/code>\u8fde\u63a5PostgreSQL\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u6e38\u6807\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5f02\u5e38\uff1f<\/strong>
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