{"id":1089908,"date":"2025-01-08T13:57:42","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:57:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1089908.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T13:57:46","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T05:57:46","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e6%8f%90%e5%8f%96%e7%9f%a9%e9%98%b5%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1089908.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\"<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5207\u7247\u3001NumPy\u5e93\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cNumPy\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u64cd\u4f5c\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\uff0c\u662f\u5904\u7406\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u9996\u9009\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u70b9\u8bb2\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528NumPy\u5e93\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u77e9\u9635\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5207\u7247<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff08List\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u77e9\u9635\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5217\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5207\u7247\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u521b\u5efa\u77e9\u9635<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5d4c\u5957\u5217\u8868\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a3×3\u7684\u77e9\u9635\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    matrix = [<\/p>\n
        [1, 2, 3],<\/p>\n
        [4, 5, 6],<\/p>\n
        [7, 8, 9]<\/p>\n
    ]<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u63d0\u53d6\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u8981\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u91cd\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5217\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      element = matrix[1][2]<\/p>\n
      print(element)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a6<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u63d0\u53d6\u4e00\u884c\u6216\u4e00\u5217<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5207\u7247\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u6216\u4e00\u5217\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        row = matrix[0]<\/p>\n
        print(row)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[1, 2, 3]<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u63d0\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        column = [row[0] for row in matrix]<\/p>\n
        print(column)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[1, 4, 7]<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u63d0\u53d6\u5b50\u77e9\u9635<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u5207\u7247\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u5b50\u77e9\u9635\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a2×2\u7684\u5b50\u77e9\u9635\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          sub_matrix = [row[:2] for row in matrix[:2]]<\/p>\n
          print(sub_matrix)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[[1, 2], [4, 5]]<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528NumPy\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          NumPy\u662fPython\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u77e9\u9635\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u521b\u5efa\u77e9\u9635<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528NumPy\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u77e9\u9635\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a3×3\u7684\u77e9\u9635\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            import numpy as np<\/p>\n
            matrix = np.array([<\/p>\n
                [1, 2, 3],<\/p>\n
                [4, 5, 6],<\/p>\n
                [7, 8, 9]<\/p>\n
            ])<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u63d0\u53d6\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u8981\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u91cd\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5217\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              element = matrix[1, 2]<\/p>\n
              print(element)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a6<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u63d0\u53d6\u4e00\u884c\u6216\u4e00\u5217<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5207\u7247\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u6216\u4e00\u5217\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                row = matrix[0, :]<\/p>\n
                print(row)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[1 2 3]<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \u63d0\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                column = matrix[:, 0]<\/p>\n
                print(column)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[1 4 7]<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \u63d0\u53d6\u5b50\u77e9\u9635<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5207\u7247\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u5b50\u77e9\u9635\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a2×2\u7684\u5b50\u77e9\u9635\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  sub_matrix = matrix[:2, :2]<\/p>\n
                  print(sub_matrix)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[[1 2]<\/p>\n
                                     #       [4 5]]<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. \u6761\u4ef6\u7d22\u5f15<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    NumPy\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u6761\u4ef6\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u5927\u4e8e5\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    elements = matrix[matrix > 5]<\/p>\n
                    print(elements)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[6 7 8 9]<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                    \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    NumPy\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7d22\u5f15\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7d22\u5f15\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u6309\u7167\u7d22\u5f15\u6570\u7ec4\u63d0\u53d6\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      indices = [0, 2, 1]<\/p>\n
                      elements = matrix[indices, indices]<\/p>\n
                      print(elements)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[1 8 6]<\/p>\n
                      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      1. \u4f7f\u7528\u5e03\u5c14\u6570\u7ec4\u7d22\u5f15<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5e03\u5c14\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5076\u6570\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        bool_array = (matrix % 2 == 0)<\/p>\n
                        even_elements = matrix[bool_array]<\/p>\n
                        print(even_elements)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[2 4 6 8]<\/p>\n
                        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                          \n
                        1. \u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                          NumPy\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u82b1\u5f0f\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u7d22\u5f15\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                          rows = [0, 1, 2]<\/p>\n
                          cols = [2, 1, 0]<\/p>\n
                          elements = matrix[rows, cols]<\/p>\n
                          print(elements)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[3 5 7]<\/p>\n
                          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                          \u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u77e9\u9635\u8fd0\u7b97\u63d0\u53d6\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                          NumPy\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u8fd0\u7b97\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u77e9\u9635\u8fd0\u7b97\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                            \n
                          1. \u63d0\u53d6\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                            \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528NumPy\u7684\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5bf9\u89d2\u7ebf\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                            diagonal = np.diag(matrix)<\/p>\n
                            print(diagonal)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[1 5 9]<\/p>\n
                            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                              \n
                            1. \u63d0\u53d6\u4e0a\u4e09\u89d2\u548c\u4e0b\u4e09\u89d2\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                              \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528NumPy\u7684\u4e0a\u4e09\u89d2\u548c\u4e0b\u4e09\u89d2\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u4e0a\u4e09\u89d2\u548c\u4e0b\u4e09\u89d2\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                              upper_triangle = np.triu(matrix)<\/p>\n
                              lower_triangle = np.tril(matrix)<\/p>\n
                              print(upper_triangle)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[[1 2 3]<\/p>\n
                                                     #       [0 5 6]<\/p>\n
                                                     #       [0 0 9]]<\/p>\n
                              print(lower_triangle)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a[[1 0 0]<\/p>\n
                                                     #       [4 5 0]<\/p>\n
                                                     #       [7 8 9]]<\/p>\n
                              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                              \u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                              Pandas\u662fPython\u4e2d\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86DataFrame\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u77e9\u9635\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                \n
                              1. \u521b\u5efa\u77e9\u9635<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u7684DataFrame\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
                                matrix = pd.DataFrame([<\/p>\n
                                    [1, 2, 3],<\/p>\n
                                    [4, 5, 6],<\/p>\n
                                    [7, 8, 9]<\/p>\n
                                ])<\/p>\n
                                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                                  \n
                                1. \u63d0\u53d6\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                  \u8981\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528iat\u6216iloc\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                  element = matrix.iat[1, 2]<\/p>\n
                                  print(element)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a6<\/p>\n
                                  element = matrix.iloc[1, 2]<\/p>\n
                                  print(element)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a6<\/p>\n
                                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                                    \n
                                  1. \u63d0\u53d6\u4e00\u884c\u6216\u4e00\u5217<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                    \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528loc\u6216iloc\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u6216\u4e00\u5217\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                    row = matrix.iloc[0, :]<\/p>\n
                                    print(row)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                # 0    1<\/p>\n
                                                # 1    2<\/p>\n
                                                # 2    3<\/p>\n
                                                # Name: 0, dtype: int64<\/p>\n
                                    column = matrix.iloc[:, 0]<\/p>\n
                                    print(column)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                   # 0    1<\/p>\n
                                                   # 1    4<\/p>\n
                                                   # 2    7<\/p>\n
                                                   # Name: 0, dtype: int64<\/p>\n
                                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                                      \n
                                    1. \u63d0\u53d6\u5b50\u77e9\u9635<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                      \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7loc\u6216iloc\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u5b50\u77e9\u9635\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                      sub_matrix = matrix.iloc[:2, :2]<\/p>\n
                                      print(sub_matrix)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
                                                         #    0  1<\/p>\n
                                                         # 0  1  2<\/p>\n
                                                         # 1  4  5<\/p>\n
                                      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                                      \u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                      \u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u63d0\u53d6\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5207\u7247\u3001NumPy\u5e93\u3001Pandas\u5e93\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u77e9\u9635\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002NumPy\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u64cd\u4f5c\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\uff0c\u662f\u5904\u7406\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u9996\u9009\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u77e9\u9635\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                      \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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