{"id":1096203,"date":"2025-01-08T14:58:54","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T06:58:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1096203.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T14:58:57","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T06:58:57","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%88%ac%e5%8f%96%e5%a5%bd%e8%af%84%e5%92%8c%e5%b7%ae%e8%af%84-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1096203.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u53d6\u597d\u8bc4\u548c\u5dee\u8bc4"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u53d6\u597d\u8bc4\u548c\u5dee\u8bc4\"<\/p>\n

Python\u722c\u53d6\u597d\u8bc4\u548c\u5dee\u8bc4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u89e3\u6790HTML\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u9875\u9762\u722c\u53d6\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u89e3\u6790\u51fa\u6240\u9700\u7684\u597d\u8bc4\u548c\u5dee\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Requests\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Requests\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
url = "http:\/\/example.com\/reviews"<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
html_content = response.text<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u4e86\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u6765\u89e3\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9bHTML\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u89e3\u6790HTML<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
BeautifulSoup\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u7684\u5e93\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5BeautifulSoup\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install beautifulsoup4<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u89e3\u6790\u521a\u521a\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u597d\u8bc4\u548c\u5dee\u8bc4\u7684HTML\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<div class="review"><\/strong><\/h2>\n
    <div class="rating positive">\u597d\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb9<\/div><\/strong><\/h2>\n
    <div class="rating negative">\u5dee\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb9<\/div><\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/div><\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u597d\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
positive_reviews = soup.find_all('div', class_='rating positive')<\/p>\n
for review in positive_reviews:<\/p>\n
    print(review.text)<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u5dee\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
negative_reviews = soup.find_all('div', class_='rating negative')<\/p>\n
for review in negative_reviews:<\/p>\n
    print(review.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u597d\u8bc4\u548c\u5dee\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u9875\u9762\u722c\u53d6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7JavaScript\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u548cBeautifulSoup\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6267\u884cJavaScript\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Selenium\u5e93\u548c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install selenium<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\uff08\u5982ChromeDriver\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u9875\u9762\u722c\u53d6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\u8def\u5f84<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver_path = 'path\/to\/chromedriver'<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u9875<\/strong><\/h2>\n
url = "http:\/\/example.com\/reviews"<\/p>\n
driver.get(url)<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u9875\u9762\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver.implicitly_wAI<\/a>t(10)<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u597d\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
positive_reviews = driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'div.rating.positive')<\/p>\n
for review in positive_reviews:<\/p>\n
    print(review.text)<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u5dee\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
negative_reviews = driver.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'div.rating.negative')<\/p>\n
for review in negative_reviews:<\/p>\n
    print(review.text)<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n
driver.quit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u63d0\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5339\u914d\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4eceHTML\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165re\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import re<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u597d\u8bc4\u548c\u5dee\u8bc4\u7684HTML\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
<div class="review"><\/strong><\/h2>\n
    <div class="rating positive">\u597d\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb9<\/div><\/strong><\/h2>\n
    <div class="rating negative">\u5dee\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb9<\/div><\/strong><\/h2>\n
<\/div><\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u597d\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
positive_reviews = re.findall(r'<div class="rating positive">(.*?)<\/div>', html_content)<\/p>\n
for review in positive_reviews:<\/p>\n
    print(review)<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u5dee\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
negative_reviews = re.findall(r'<div class="rating negative">(.*?)<\/div>', html_content)<\/p>\n
for review in negative_reviews:<\/p>\n
    print(review)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4eceHTML\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u597d\u8bc4\u548c\u5dee\u8bc4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u7efc\u5408\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u722c\u53d6\u67d0\u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u5546\u54c1\u8bc4\u8bba<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7efc\u5408\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u722c\u53d6\u67d0\u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u597d\u8bc4\u548c\u5dee\u8bc4\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u9875\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
<div class="reviews"><\/p>\n
    <div class="review"><\/p>\n
        <div class="rating positive">\u597d\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb91<\/div><\/p>\n
    <\/div><\/p>\n
    <div class="review"><\/p>\n
        <div class="rating negative">\u5dee\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb91<\/div><\/p>\n
    <\/div><\/p>\n
    <div class="review"><\/p>\n
        <div class="rating positive">\u597d\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb92<\/div><\/p>\n
    <\/div><\/p>\n
    <div class="review"><\/p>\n
        <div class="rating negative">\u5dee\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb92<\/div><\/p>\n
    <\/div><\/p>\n
<\/div><\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u548cBeautifulSoup\u5e93\u6765\u722c\u53d6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc4\u8bba\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u9875URL<\/strong><\/h2>\n
url = "http:\/\/example.com\/product-reviews"<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
html_content = response.text<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u597d\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
positive_reviews = soup.find_all('div', class_='rating positive')<\/p>\n
print("\u597d\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a")<\/p>\n
for review in positive_reviews:<\/p>\n
    print(review.text)<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u5dee\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
negative_reviews = soup.find_all('div', class_='rating negative')<\/p>\n
print("\u5dee\u8bc4\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a")<\/p>\n
for review in negative_reviews:<\/p>\n
    print(review.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u722c\u53d6\u67d0\u7535\u5546\u5e73\u53f0\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u597d\u8bc4\u548c\u5dee\u8bc4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u722c\u53d6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5927\u91cf\u722c\u53d6\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u5305\u62ec\uff1aIP\u5c01\u7981\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\u9650\u5236\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee5\u4e0b\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee3\u7406IP\u53ef\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u771f\u5b9eIP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u4ee3\u7406IP\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ed8\u8d39\u7684\u4ee3\u7406IP\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
proxies = {<\/p>\n
    "http": "http:\/\/proxy_ip:proxy_port",<\/p>\n
    "https": "http:\/\/proxy_ip:proxy_port",<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url, proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5f88\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2d\u7684User-Agent\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6765\u81ea\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684User-Agent\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
headers = {<\/p>\n
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/58.0.3029.110 Safari\/537.3"<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4IP\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u9694\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
for i in range(10):<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
    # \u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(2)  # \u7b49\u5f852\u79d2\u540e\u518d\u53d1\u9001\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\u6765\u624b\u52a8\u89e3\u51b3\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
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