{"id":1108517,"date":"2025-01-08T17:01:02","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T09:01:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1108517.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T17:01:05","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T09:01:05","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e7%88%ac%e8%99%ab%e7%88%ac%e5%8f%96%e5%a4%a7%e9%87%8f%e5%9b%be%e7%89%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1108517.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u722c\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u56fe\u7247"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u722c\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u56fe\u7247\"<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u7528Python\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u722c\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u56fe\u7247<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u722c\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u3001\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u56fe\u7247<\/strong>\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c55\u5f00\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u4ee5\u722c\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u56fe\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u548c\u56fe\u7247\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5305\u62ecrequests\u3001BeautifulSoup\u3001urllib\u3001Selenium<\/strong>\u7b49\u3002requests\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff1bBeautifulSoup\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1bSelenium\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u7f51\u9875\uff1burllib\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0b\u8f7d\u56fe\u7247<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1\u3001Requests\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Requests\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u5404\u79cdHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5982GET\u3001POST\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import requests<\/p>\n
url = "http:\/\/example.com"<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
1.2\u3001BeautifulSoup\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u6d01\u7684API\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u9875\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
html_doc = """<\/p>\n
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story<\/title><\/head><\/p>\n
<body><\/p>\n
<p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story<\/b><\/p><\/p>\n
<\/body><\/html><\/p>\n
"""<\/p>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
print(soup.title.string)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
1.3\u3001Urllib\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Urllib\u5e93\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406URL\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56fe\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import urllib.request<\/p>\n
url = "http:\/\/example.com\/image.jpg"<\/p>\n
urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, "image.jpg")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u88ab\u722c\u866b\u6293\u53d6\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u3001IP\u9650\u5236\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u68c0\u6d4b<\/strong>\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2d\u7684User-Agent\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6765\u81ea\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684User-Agent\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
headers = {<\/p>\n
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/87.0.4280.88 Safari\/537.36"<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u7f51\u7ad9\u5bf9IP\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u9690\u85cf\u771f\u5b9eIP\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u514d\u8d39\u4ee3\u7406\u7f51\u7ad9\u83b7\u53d6\u4ee3\u7406IP\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed8\u8d39\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
proxies = {<\/p>\n
    "http": "http:\/\/10.10.1.10:3128",<\/p>\n
    "https": "http:\/\/10.10.1.10:1080",<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u627e\u5230\u5305\u542b\u56fe\u7247URL\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u56fe\u7247\u7684URL\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u56fe\u7247\u7684URL\u4f1a\u5305\u542b\u5728<img><\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u7684src<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790HTML<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
BeautifulSoup\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u7684<img><\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u5b83\u4eec\u7684src<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u56fe\u7247\u7684URL\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
html = response.text<\/p>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
img_tags = soup.find_all('img')<\/p>\n
urls = [img['src'] for img in img_tags if 'src' in img.attrs]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4fdd\u5b58\u56fe\u7247<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u56fe\u7247\u7684URL\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528urllib<\/code>\u5e93\u5c06\u56fe\u7247\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u672c\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Urllib\u4e0b\u8f7d\u56fe\u7247<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Urllib\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86urlretrieve<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5c06URL\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u672c\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
for url in urls:<\/p>\n
    filename = url.split('\/')[-1]<\/p>\n
    urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u722c\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u56fe\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
import urllib.request<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
def fetch_image_urls(url):<\/p>\n
    headers = {<\/p>\n
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/87.0.4280.88 Safari\/537.36"<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
    html = response.text<\/p>\n
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
    img_tags = soup.find_all('img')<\/p>\n
    urls = [img['src'] for img in img_tags if 'src' in img.attrs]<\/p>\n
    return urls<\/p>\n
def save_images(urls, folder):<\/p>\n
    if not os.path.exists(folder):<\/p>\n
        os.makedirs(folder)<\/p>\n
    for url in urls:<\/p>\n
        try:<\/p>\n
            filename = os.path.join(folder, url.split('\/')[-1])<\/p>\n
            urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, filename)<\/p>\n
            print(f"Downloaded {filename}")<\/p>\n
        except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
            print(f"FAI<\/a>led to download {url}: {e}")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    website_url = "http:\/\/example.com"<\/p>\n
    image_folder = "downloaded_images"<\/p>\n
    image_urls = fetch_image_urls(website_url)<\/p>\n
    save_images(image_urls, image_folder)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
6.1\u3001\u5904\u7406\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u56fe\u7247\u7684URL\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528urllib.parse<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684urljoin<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from urllib.parse import urljoin<\/p>\n
base_url = "http:\/\/example.com"<\/p>\n
urls = [urljoin(base_url, img['src']) for img in img_tags if 'src' in img.attrs]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
6.2\u3001\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u56fe\u7247<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u662f\u901a\u8fc7JavaScript\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u666e\u901a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5230\u56fe\u7247URL\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
driver.get(website_url)<\/p>\n
html = driver.page_source<\/p>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
img_tags = soup.find_all('img')<\/p>\n
urls = [img['src'] for img in img_tags if 'src' in img.attrs]<\/p>\n
driver.quit()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u722c\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u56fe\u7247\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u3001\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58\u56fe\u7247\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u5904\u7406\u76f8\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u60a8\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u638c\u63e1\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u722c\u53d6\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6269\u5c55\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684Python\u5e93\u6765\u722c\u53d6\u56fe\u7247\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u7247\u722c\u53d6\u65f6\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u5982Requests\u548cBeautiful Soup\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5e93\u3002Requests\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800cBeautiful Soup\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u56fe\u7247\u7684URL\u3002\u8fd8\u6709Scrapy\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5b83\u9002\u5408\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u722c\u53d6\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u722c\u53d6\u56fe\u7247\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u54ea\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong>
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