{"id":1114517,"date":"2025-01-08T17:58:06","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T09:58:06","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2025-01-08T17:58:10","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T09:58:10","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%90%8c%e6%97%b6%e8%bf%90%e8%a1%8c%e4%b8%a4%e4%b8%aa%e5%88%86%e6%94%af-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1114517.html","title":{"rendered":"Python \u5982\u4f55\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u652f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Python<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u5934\u6bb5\u843d: Python\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u3001\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u548cmultiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528asyncio<\/code>\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cthreading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u9002\u5408I\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff1bmultiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u9002\u5408CPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002asyncio<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u5219\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u7684I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001THREADING \u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ebf\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u53d8\u5f97\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1 \u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528threading.Thread<\/code>\u7c7b\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u542f\u52a8\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import threading<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def task1():<\/p>\n
    for i in range(5):<\/p>\n
        print("Task 1 - Iteration", i)<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
def task2():<\/p>\n
    for i in range(5):<\/p>\n
        print("Task 2 - Iteration", i)<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
thread1 = threading.Thread(target=task1)<\/p>\n
thread2 = threading.Thread(target=task2)<\/p>\n
\u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
thread1.start()<\/p>\n
thread2.start()<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
thread1.join()<\/p>\n
thread2.join()<\/p>\n
print("Both threads have finished their tasks.")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0ctask1<\/code>\u548ctask2<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0bthread1<\/code>\u548cthread2<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528start()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528join()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.2 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89\u3002Python\u4e2d\u7684threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86Lock<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9501\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import threading<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u9501\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
lock = threading.Lock()<\/p>\n
\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong><\/h2>\n
shared_counter = 0<\/p>\n
def increment_counter():<\/p>\n
    global shared_counter<\/p>\n
    with lock:  # \u83b7\u53d6\u9501<\/p>\n
        for _ in range(100000):<\/p>\n
            shared_counter += 1<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
threads = []<\/p>\n
for _ in range(2):<\/p>\n
    thread = threading.Thread(target=increment_counter)<\/p>\n
    threads.append(thread)<\/p>\n
    thread.start()<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for thread in threads:<\/p>\n
    thread.join()<\/p>\n
print("Final counter value:", shared_counter)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528lock<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539shared_counter<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u8d44\u6e90\u7ade\u4e89\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001MULTIPROCESSING \u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7f16\u7a0b\u9002\u7528\u4e8eCPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838CPU\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1 \u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528multiprocessing.Process<\/code>\u7c7b\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u542f\u52a8\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import multiprocessing<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def task1():<\/p>\n
    for i in range(5):<\/p>\n
        print("Task 1 - Iteration", i)<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
def task2():<\/p>\n
    for i in range(5):<\/p>\n
        print("Task 2 - Iteration", i)<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
process1 = multiprocessing.Process(target=task1)<\/p>\n
process2 = multiprocessing.Process(target=task2)<\/p>\n
\u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
process1.start()<\/p>\n
process2.start()<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
process1.join()<\/p>\n
process2.join()<\/p>\n
print("Both processes have finished their tasks.")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0ctask1<\/code>\u548ctask2<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0bprocess1<\/code>\u548cprocess2<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u522b\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528start()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528join()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u5f85\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.2 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\uff08IPC\uff09\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u3002Python\u4e2d\u7684multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cdIPC\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Queue<\/code>\u3001Pipe<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import multiprocessing<\/p>\n
def producer(queue):<\/p>\n
    for i in range(5):<\/p>\n
        queue.put(i)<\/p>\n
        print("Produced", i)<\/p>\n
def consumer(queue):<\/p>\n
    while True:<\/p>\n
        item = queue.get()<\/p>\n
        if item is None:<\/p>\n
            break<\/p>\n
        print("Consumed", item)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u961f\u5217\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
queue = multiprocessing.Queue()<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
producer_process = multiprocessing.Process(target=producer, args=(queue,))<\/p>\n
consumer_process = multiprocessing.Process(target=consumer, args=(queue,))<\/p>\n
\u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
producer_process.start()<\/p>\n
consumer_process.start()<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
producer_process.join()<\/p>\n
\u53d1\u9001\u7ec8\u6b62\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong><\/h2>\n
queue.put(None)<\/p>\n
\u7b49\u5f85\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong><\/h2>\n
consumer_process.join()<\/p>\n
print("Both processes have finished their tasks.")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528Queue<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u653e\u5165\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ece\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001ASYNCIO \u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
asyncio<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e76\u53d1\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u7684I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1 \u521b\u5efa\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528asyncio.create_task<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u8fd0\u884c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import asyncio<\/p>\n
async def task1():<\/p>\n
    for i in range(5):<\/p>\n
        print("Task 1 - Iteration", i)<\/p>\n
        awAI<\/a>t asyncio.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
async def task2():<\/p>\n
    for i in range(5):<\/p>\n
        print("Task 2 - Iteration", i)<\/p>\n
        await asyncio.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
async def main():<\/p>\n
    # \u521b\u5efa\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n
    task1_coro = asyncio.create_task(task1())<\/p>\n
    task2_coro = asyncio.create_task(task2())<\/p>\n
    # \u7b49\u5f85\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210<\/p>\n
    await task1_coro<\/p>\n
    await task2_coro<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u4e3b\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
asyncio.run(main())<\/p>\n
print("Both tasks have finished.")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0ctask1<\/code>\u548ctask2<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528asyncio.create_task<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528await<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7b49\u5f85\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.2 \u5f02\u6b65\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u3002Python\u4e2d\u7684asyncio<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86async with<\/code>\u8bed\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import asyncio<\/p>\n
class AsyncResource:<\/p>\n
    async def __aenter__(self):<\/p>\n
        print("Entering context")<\/p>\n
        return self<\/p>\n
    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):<\/p>\n
        print("Exiting context")<\/p>\n
    async def do_something(self):<\/p>\n
        print("Doing something")<\/p>\n
        await asyncio.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
async def main():<\/p>\n
    async with AsyncResource() as resource:<\/p>\n
        await resource.do_something()<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u4e3b\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
asyncio.run(main())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cAsyncResource<\/code>\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5373__aenter__<\/code>\u548c__aexit__<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528async with<\/code>\u8bed\u6cd5\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8fdb\u5165\u548c\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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