{"id":1128181,"date":"2025-01-08T20:17:47","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:17:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1128181.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T20:17:49","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:17:49","slug":"python3-6%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95urllib2%e4%b8%8b%e8%bd%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1128181.html","title":{"rendered":"python3.6\u5982\u4f55urllib2\u4e0b\u8f7d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25094950\/5421012e-f6ac-4135-9cf0-5ccabe4e9654.webp\" alt=\"python3.6\u5982\u4f55urllib2\u4e0b\u8f7d\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>Python 3.6 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 urllib \u4e0b\u8f7d<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728Python 3.6\u4e2d\uff0c<strong>urllib2\u5e93\u5df2\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec<code>urllib.request<\/code>\u548c<code>urllib.error<\/code>\uff0c<strong>\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528<code>urllib.request<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0b\u8f7d\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u7b49\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e00\u3001urllib\u5e93\u6982\u8ff0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728Python 3.6\u4e2d\uff0c<code>urllib<\/code>\u5e93\u5206\u4e3a\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<code>urllib.request<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6URLs\uff0c<code>urllib.error<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\uff0c<code>urllib.parse<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790URLs\uff0c<code>urllib.robotparser<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790robots.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0b\u8f7d\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8<code>urllib.request<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e8c\u3001\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u6784\u5efa\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165<code>urllib.request<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7c7b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5904\u7406URL\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>urllib.request.urlopen()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import urllib.request<\/p>\n<p>url = &#39;http:\/\/example.com\/somefile.txt&#39;<\/p>\n<p>response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e09\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>read()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import urllib.request<\/p>\n<p>url = &#39;http:\/\/example.com\/somefile.txt&#39;<\/p>\n<p>response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u8bfb\u53d6\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>with open(&#39;downloaded_file.txt&#39;, &#39;wb&#39;) as out_file:<\/p>\n<p>    out_file.write(response.read())<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982404\u9519\u8bef\u3001500\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u52a0\u5065\u58ee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>try-except<\/code>\u5757\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import urllib.request<\/p>\n<p>import urllib.error<\/p>\n<p>url = &#39;http:\/\/example.com\/somefile.txt&#39;<\/p>\n<p>try:<\/p>\n<p>    response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)<\/p>\n<p>    with open(&#39;downloaded_file.txt&#39;, &#39;wb&#39;) as out_file:<\/p>\n<p>        out_file.write(response.read())<\/p>\n<p>except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:<\/p>\n<p>    print(f&#39;HTTP error: {e.code}&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>except urllib.error.URLError as e:<\/p>\n<p>    print(f&#39;URL error: {e.reason}&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e94\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e0b\u8f7d\u529f\u80fd\uff0c<code>urllib.request<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406\u3001\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982User-Agent\u3001Referer\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>urllib.request.Request<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import urllib.request<\/p>\n<p>url = &#39;http:\/\/example.com\/somefile.txt&#39;<\/p>\n<p>headers = {&#39;User-Agent&#39;: &#39;Mozilla\/5.0&#39;}<\/p>\n<p>request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n<p>response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)<\/p>\n<p>with open(&#39;downloaded_file.txt&#39;, &#39;wb&#39;) as out_file:<\/p>\n<p>    out_file.write(response.read())<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807URL\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>ProxyHandler<\/code>\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4ee3\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import urllib.request<\/p>\n<p>url = &#39;http:\/\/example.com\/somefile.txt&#39;<\/p>\n<p>proxy = &#39;http:\/\/proxy.example.com:8080&#39;<\/p>\n<p>proxy_handler = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({&#39;http&#39;: proxy, &#39;https&#39;: proxy})<\/p>\n<p>opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_handler)<\/p>\n<p>urllib.request.install_opener(opener)<\/p>\n<p>response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)<\/p>\n<p>with open(&#39;downloaded_file.txt&#39;, &#39;wb&#39;) as out_file:<\/p>\n<p>    out_file.write(response.read())<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c<code>urllib.request<\/code>\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406HTTP\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u540e\u7684\u6700\u7ec8URL\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>geturl()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import urllib.request<\/p>\n<p>url = &#39;http:\/\/example.com\/somefile.txt&#39;<\/p>\n<p>response = urllib.request.urlopen(url)<\/p>\n<p>final_url = response.geturl()<\/p>\n<p>print(f&#39;Final URL: {final_url}&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>with open(&#39;downloaded_file.txt&#39;, &#39;wb&#39;) as out_file:<\/p>\n<p>    out_file.write(response.read())<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5728Python 3.6\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528<code>urllib<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u3001\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<strong>\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u66f4\u52a0\u5f97\u5fc3\u5e94\u624b<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c<code>urllib<\/code>\u5e93\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8868\u5355\u63d0\u4ea4\u3001Cookies\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u8bfb\u8005\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python 3.6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528<code>urllib<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python 3.6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528urllib\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728Python 3.6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>urllib.request<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import urllib.request\n\nurl = &#39;http:\/\/example.com\/file.zip&#39;\nurllib.request.urlretrieve(url, &#39;local_filename.zip&#39;)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f1a\u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u547d\u540d\u4e3a<code>local_filename.zip<\/code>\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u66ff\u6362<code>url<\/code>\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728Python 3.6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528urllib\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u4f7f\u7528<code>urllib<\/code>\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\u3001URL\u683c\u5f0f\u9519\u8bef\u4ee5\u53ca\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u8f93\u5165\u7684URL\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python 3.6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528urllib\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8fdb\u5ea6\u6761\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u8981\u5728\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u8fdb\u5ea6\u6761\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import urllib.request\n\ndef download_progress(block_num, block_size, total_size):\n    downloaded = block_num * block_size\n    percentage = min(downloaded \/ total_size * 100, 100)\n    print(f&#39;Downloaded: {percentage:.2f}%&#39;)\n\nurl = &#39;http:\/\/example.com\/file.zip&#39;\nurllib.request.urlretrieve(url, &#39;local_filename.zip&#39;, reporthook=download_progress)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u8f7d\u65f6\u663e\u793a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8fdb\u5ea6\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8fdb\u5ea6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6539\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python 3.6 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 urllib \u4e0b\u8f7d \u5728Python 3.6\u4e2d\uff0curllib2\u5e93\u5df2\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u51e0\u4e2a\u6a21 [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1128187,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1128181"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1128181"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1128181\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1128188,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1128181\/revisions\/1128188"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1128187"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1128181"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1128181"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1128181"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}