{"id":1130018,"date":"2025-01-08T20:35:03","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:35:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1130018.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T20:35:06","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:35:06","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%af%bb%e5%85%a5%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e5%a4%b9%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e8%b7%af%e5%be%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1130018.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8bfb\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\"<\/p>\n

Python\u8bfb\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u3001glob\u6a21\u5757\u3001pathlib\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecdos\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

os\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os.getcwd()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u8ba4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import os<\/p>\n
current_directory = os.getcwd()<\/p>\n
print("Current Directory:", current_directory)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528os.listdir()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
directory_path = "\/path\/to\/your\/directory"<\/p>\n
files_and_folders = os.listdir(directory_path)<\/p>\n
print("Files and Folders:", files_and_folders)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u53ea\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os.path.isfile()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
file_paths = [os.path.join(directory_path, f) for f in files_and_folders if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(directory_path, f))]<\/p>\n
print("File Paths:", file_paths)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os.walk()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
file_paths = []<\/p>\n
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(directory_path):<\/p>\n
    for file in files:<\/p>\n
        file_paths.append(os.path.join(root, file))<\/p>\n
print("All File Paths:", file_paths)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528glob\u6a21\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
glob\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u5339\u914d\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u3002\u4f7f\u7528glob\u6a21\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5bfc\u5165glob\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528glob.glob()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import glob<\/p>\n
file_paths = glob.glob("\/path\/to\/your\/directory\/*.txt")<\/p>\n
print("Matched File Paths:", file_paths)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u9012\u5f52\u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u9012\u5f52\u5339\u914d\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<\/code>\u901a\u914d\u7b26\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8bbe\u7f6erecursive<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u4e3aTrue<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
file_paths = glob.glob("\/path\/to\/your\/directory\/\/*.txt", recursive=True)<\/p>\n
print("All Matched File Paths:", file_paths)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pathlib\u6a21\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
pathlib\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython 3.4\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528pathlib\u6a21\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5bfc\u5165pathlib\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u521b\u5efaPath\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5bfc\u5165pathlib\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aPath\u5bf9\u8c61\u8868\u793a\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from pathlib import Path<\/p>\n
directory_path = Path("\/path\/to\/your\/directory")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528iterdir()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
files_and_folders = list(directory_path.iterdir())<\/p>\n
print("Files and Folders:", files_and_folders)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u53ea\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528is_file()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8fc7\u6ee4\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
file_paths = [f for f in directory_path.iterdir() if f.is_file()]<\/p>\n
print("File Paths:", file_paths)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9012\u5f52\u904d\u5386\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528rglob()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
file_paths = list(directory_path.rglob("*.*"))<\/p>\n
print("All File Paths:", file_paths)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5305\u62ecos\u6a21\u5757\u3001glob\u6a21\u5757\u548cpathlib\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  • os\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a7\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n
  • glob\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u5339\u914d\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u5339\u914d\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n
  • pathlib\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u6613\u8bfb\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684os.listdir()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5217\u8868\u3002\u7ed3\u5408os.path.join()<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    import os\n\nfolder_path = '\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u8def\u5f84'\nfile_paths = [os.path.join(folder_path, filename) for filename in os.listdir(folder_path) if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(folder_path, filename))]\nprint(file_paths)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u600e\u6837\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u8981\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53ea\u8bfb\u53d6.txt<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    import os\n\nfolder_path = '\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u8def\u5f84'\ntxt_file_paths = [os.path.join(folder_path, filename) for filename in os.listdir(folder_path) if filename.endswith('.txt')]\nprint(txt_file_paths)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u6b64\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u53ea\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5185\u6240\u6709\u4ee5.txt<\/code>\u7ed3\u5c3e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5d4c\u5957\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u5d4c\u5957\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os.walk()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u904d\u5386\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u6709\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u76ee\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u5b50\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    import os\n\nfolder_path = '\u4f60\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u8def\u5f84'\nall_file_paths = []\n\nfor dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(folder_path):\n    for filename in filenames:\n        all_file_paths.append(os.path.join(dirpath, filename))\n\nprint(all_file_paths)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u53ca\u5176\u5b50\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u8bfb\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u3001glob\u6a21\u5757\u3001pathlib\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1130027,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1130018"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1130018"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1130018\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1130029,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1130018\/revisions\/1130029"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1130027"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1130018"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1130018"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1130018"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}