{"id":1131609,"date":"2025-01-08T20:50:01","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:50:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1131609.html"},"modified":"2025-01-08T20:50:04","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T12:50:04","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%9f%a5%e9%81%93python%e6%9c%89%e5%93%aa%e4%ba%9b%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97%e6%b2%a1%e6%9c%89%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%85%e5%8c%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1131609.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053python\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\u5305"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u77e5\u9053python\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\u5305\"<\/p>\n

\u786e\u5b9aPython\u4e2d\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u68c0\u6d4b\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982pip\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b63\u786e\u5b89\u88c5\u3002pip\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u7ba1\u7406Python\u5305\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0ePython\u4e00\u8d77\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528pip\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2arequirements.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5305\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528pip install -r requirements.txt\u6765\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u6709\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u9879\u76ee\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982requirements.txt\u6216Pipfile\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u9879\u76ee\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6240\u6709Python\u5305\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u9879\u76ee\u6240\u9700\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1\u3001Requirements.txt<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

requirements.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u5217\u51fa\u9879\u76ee\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5305\u53ca\u5176\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u624b\u52a8\u68c0\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u5305\u90fd\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

numpy==1.19.2<\/p>\n
pandas==1.1.3<\/p>\n
requests==2.24.0<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
1.2\u3001Pipfile<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Pipfile\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770bPipfile\u6765\u4e86\u89e3\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
[[source]]<\/p>\n
name = "pypi"<\/p>\n
url = "https:\/\/pypi.org\/simple"<\/p>\n
verify_ssl = true<\/p>\n
[packages]<\/p>\n
numpy = "*"<\/p>\n
pandas = "*"<\/p>\n
requests = "*"<\/p>\n
[dev-packages]<\/p>\n
pytest = "*"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u6355\u83b7ImportError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u68c0\u67e5\u54ea\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Python\u811a\u672c\u6765\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bfc\u5165\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u6355\u83b7\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
modules = ["numpy", "pandas", "requests", "nonexistentmodule"]<\/p>\n
not_installed = []<\/p>\n
for module in modules:<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        __import__(module)<\/p>\n
    except ImportError:<\/p>\n
        not_installed.append(module)<\/p>\n
if not_installed:<\/p>\n
    print(f"The following modules are not installed: {', '.join(not_installed)}")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("All modules are installed.")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5730\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cpipdeptree\u548cpip-check\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1\u3001pipdeptree<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pipdeptree\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u4f9d\u8d56\u6811\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u5305\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u54ea\u4e9b\u5305\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pipdeptree<\/p>\n
pipdeptree<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.2\u3001pip-check<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pip-check\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u54ea\u4e9b\u5305\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u6216\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pip-check<\/p>\n
pip-check<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u9694\u79bb\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u540c\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5305\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.1\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528venv\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python -m venv myenv<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.2\u3001\u6fc0\u6d3b\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6fc0\u6d3b\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5305\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# Windows<\/p>\n
myenv\\Scripts\\activate<\/p>\n
Unix or MacOS<\/strong><\/h2>\n
source myenv\/bin\/activate<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.3\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u5b89\u88c5\u9879\u76ee\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install -r requirements.txt<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u786e\u5b9aPython\u4e2d\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528pipdeptree\u6216pip-check\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u9879\u76ee\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b63\u786e\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u9047\u5230\u6a21\u5757\u672a\u627e\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u68c0\u67e5\u6a21\u5757\u7248\u672c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip freeze\u547d\u4ee4\u68c0\u67e5\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip freeze<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5316\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982pipenv\u6216poetry\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
7.1\u3001Pipenv<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Pipenv\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u6210\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86Pipfile\u548c\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pipenv<\/p>\n
pipenv install<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
7.2\u3001Poetry<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Poetry\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install poetry<\/p>\n
poetry install<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406Python\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5305\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u5df2\u6b63\u786e\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u68c0\u67e5Python\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff1f<\/strong>
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884cpip list<\/code>\u6216pip freeze<\/code>\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u5757\u53ca\u5176\u7248\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u4e86\u89e3\u54ea\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684Python\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u68c0\u67e5\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bfc\u5165\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8f93\u5165import module_name<\/code>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0ModuleNotFoundError<\/code>\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u88c5\u7f3a\u5931\u7684Python\u6a21\u5757\uff1f<\/strong>
\u82e5\u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip install module_name<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip install module_name==version<\/code>\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406Python\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff1f<\/strong>
\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406Python\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982venv<\/code>\u6216conda<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u521b\u5efa\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6a21\u5757\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5f97\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u5378\u8f7d\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u786e\u5b9aPython\u4e2d\u672a\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u67e5\u770b\u9879\u76ee\u4f9d\u8d56\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1131618,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1131609"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1131609"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1131609\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1131619,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1131609\/revisions\/1131619"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1131618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1131609"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1131609"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1131609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}