{"id":1155069,"date":"2025-01-13T17:58:53","date_gmt":"2025-01-13T09:58:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1155069.html"},"modified":"2025-01-13T17:58:55","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T09:58:55","slug":"python-super%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1155069.html","title":{"rendered":"python super\u51fd\u6570\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

Python\u7684super()\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u65f6\u7ba1\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u589e\u5f3a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662fsuper()\u51fd\u6570\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7super()\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u663e\u5f0f\u5730\u5f15\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

super()\u51fd\u6570\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

super().method_name(arguments)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5355\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0csuper()\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Parent:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
    def display(self):<\/p>\n
        print("Parent name:", self.name)<\/p>\n
class Child(Parent):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        super().__init__(name)<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
    def display(self):<\/p>\n
        super().display()<\/p>\n
        print("Child age:", self.age)<\/p>\n
child = Child("John", 12)<\/p>\n
child.display()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cChild\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86Parent\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548cdisplay\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\uff0csuper()\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u3002Python\u4f7f\u7528C3\u7ebf\u6027\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u6790\u987a\u5e8f\uff08MRO\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class A:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        print("A.__init__")<\/p>\n
        super().__init__()<\/p>\n
class B:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        print("B.__init__")<\/p>\n
        super().__init__()<\/p>\n
class C(A, B):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
        print("C.__init__")<\/p>\n
        super().__init__()<\/p>\n
c = C()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cclass C\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86class A\u548cclass B\u3002\u8c03\u7528super()\u4f1a\u6309\u7167MRO\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
C.__init__<\/p>\n
A.__init__<\/p>\n
B.__init__<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
super()\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e__init__\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Base:<\/p>\n
    def greet(self):<\/p>\n
        print("Hello from Base")<\/p>\n
class Derived(Base):<\/p>\n
    def greet(self):<\/p>\n
        super().greet()<\/p>\n
        print("Hello from Derived")<\/p>\n
derived = Derived()<\/p>\n
derived.greet()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cDerived\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199\u4e86greet\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528Base\u7c7b\u7684greet\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Hello from Base<\/p>\n
Hello from Derived<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
super()\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Base:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, value):<\/p>\n
        self._value = value<\/p>\n
    @property<\/p>\n
    def value(self):<\/p>\n
        return self._value<\/p>\n
class Derived(Base):<\/p>\n
    @property<\/p>\n
    def value(self):<\/p>\n
        return super().value + 10<\/p>\n
derived = Derived(5)<\/p>\n
print(derived.value)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cDerived\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199\u4e86value\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8bbf\u95eeBase\u7c7b\u7684value\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
15<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u5c42\u6b21\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
super()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u5c42\u6b21\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class A:<\/p>\n
    def method(self):<\/p>\n
        print("A.method")<\/p>\n
        super().method()<\/p>\n
class B:<\/p>\n
    def method(self):<\/p>\n
        print("B.method")<\/p>\n
        super().method()<\/p>\n
class C(A, B):<\/p>\n
    def method(self):<\/p>\n
        print("C.method")<\/p>\n
        super().method()<\/p>\n
c = C()<\/p>\n
c.method()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cclass C\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86class A\u548cclass B\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176method\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
C.method<\/p>\n
A.method<\/p>\n
B.method<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u7ee7\u627f\u5c42\u6b21\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5728\u534f\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
super()\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u534f\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728__enter__\u548c__exit__\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Resource:<\/p>\n
    def __enter__(self):<\/p>\n
        print("Resource.__enter__")<\/p>\n
        return self<\/p>\n
    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):<\/p>\n
        print("Resource.__exit__")<\/p>\n
class ManagedResource(Resource):<\/p>\n
    def __enter__(self):<\/p>\n
        super().__enter__()<\/p>\n
        print("ManagedResource.__enter__")<\/p>\n
        return self<\/p>\n
    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):<\/p>\n
        super().__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)<\/p>\n
        print("ManagedResource.__exit__")<\/p>\n
with ManagedResource() as mr:<\/p>\n
    print("Using managed resource")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cManagedResource\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86Resource\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176__enter__\u548c__exit__\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Resource.__enter__<\/p>\n
ManagedResource.__enter__<\/p>\n
Using managed resource<\/p>\n
Resource.__exit__<\/p>\n
ManagedResource.__exit__<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u534f\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u5728\u591a\u5c42\u5d4c\u5957\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u5d4c\u5957\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class GrandParent:<\/p>\n
    def greet(self):<\/p>\n
        print("Hello from GrandParent")<\/p>\n
class Parent(GrandParent):<\/p>\n
    def greet(self):<\/p>\n
        super().greet()<\/p>\n
        print("Hello from Parent")<\/p>\n
class Child(Parent):<\/p>\n
    def greet(self):<\/p>\n
        super().greet()<\/p>\n
        print("Hello from Child")<\/p>\n
child = Child()<\/p>\n
child.greet()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cChild\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86Parent\u7c7b\uff0cParent\u7c7b\u53c8\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86GrandParent\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684greet\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Hello from GrandParent<\/p>\n
Hello from Parent<\/p>\n
Hello from Child<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u591a\u5c42\u5d4c\u5957\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u521b\u5efa\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
super()\u51fd\u6570\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u521b\u5efa\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7type\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Base = type('Base', (object,), {<\/p>\n
    'greet': lambda self: print("Hello from Base")<\/p>\n
})<\/p>\n
Derived = type('Derived', (Base,), {<\/p>\n
    'greet': lambda self: (super(type(self), self).greet(), print("Hello from Derived"))<\/p>\n
})<\/p>\n
derived = Derived()<\/p>\n
derived.greet()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7type\u51fd\u6570\u52a8\u6001\u521b\u5efa\u4e86Base\u7c7b\u548cDerived\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728Derived\u7c7b\u7684greet\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528Base\u7c7b\u7684greet\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Hello from Base<\/p>\n
Hello from Derived<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u7c7b\u521b\u5efa\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e5d\u3001\u5728\u5143\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5143\u7c7b\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u7c7b\uff0csuper()\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u5143\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Meta(type):<\/p>\n
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, dct):<\/p>\n
        print("Creating class", name)<\/p>\n
        return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, dct)<\/p>\n
class Base(metaclass=Meta):<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
class Derived(Base):<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cMeta\u7c7b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176__new__\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684__new__\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Creating class Base<\/p>\n
Creating class Derived<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5143\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u3001\u5728\u975e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u975e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0csuper()\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u975e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Base:<\/p>\n
    @staticmethod<\/p>\n
    def greet():<\/p>\n
        print("Hello from Base")<\/p>\n
class Derived(Base):<\/p>\n
    @staticmethod<\/p>\n
    def greet():<\/p>\n
        super(Derived, Derived).greet()<\/p>\n
        print("Hello from Derived")<\/p>\n
Derived.greet()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cDerived\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199\u4e86Base\u7c7b\u7684greet\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528Base\u7c7b\u7684greet\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Hello from Base<\/p>\n
Hello from Derived<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u975e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u4e00\u3001\u5728\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0csuper()\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def log_method_call(method):<\/p>\n
    def wrapper(self, *args, kwargs):<\/p>\n
        print(f"Calling method {method.__name__}")<\/p>\n
        return method(self, *args, kwargs)<\/p>\n
    return wrapper<\/p>\n
class Base:<\/p>\n
    @log_method_call<\/p>\n
    def greet(self):<\/p>\n
        print("Hello from Base")<\/p>\n
class Derived(Base):<\/p>\n
    @log_method_call<\/p>\n
    def greet(self):<\/p>\n
        super().greet()<\/p>\n
        print("Hello from Derived")<\/p>\n
derived = Derived()<\/p>\n
derived.greet()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2alog_method_call\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0c\u5e76\u5728Base\u7c7b\u548cDerived\u7c7b\u7684greet\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u3002Derived\u7c7b\u7684greet\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528Base\u7c7b\u7684greet\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Calling method greet<\/p>\n
Hello from Base<\/p>\n
Calling method greet<\/p>\n
Hello from Derived<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u4e8c\u3001\u5728\u6df7\u5408\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6df7\u5408\u7c7b\uff08Mixin\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0csuper()\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u6df7\u5408\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Base:<\/p>\n
    def greet(self):<\/p>\n
        print("Hello from Base")<\/p>\n
class Mixin:<\/p>\n
    def greet(self):<\/p>\n
        super().greet()<\/p>\n
        print("Hello from Mixin")<\/p>\n
class Derived(Mixin, Base):<\/p>\n
    def greet(self):<\/p>\n
        super().greet()<\/p>\n
        print("Hello from Derived")<\/p>\n
derived = Derived()<\/p>\n
derived.greet()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cDerived\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86Mixin\u7c7b\u548cBase\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176greet\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Hello from Base<\/p>\n
Hello from Mixin<\/p>\n
Hello from Derived<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6df7\u5408\u7c7b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u4e09\u3001\u5728\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
super()\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728__exit__\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Resource:<\/p>\n
    def __enter__(self):<\/p>\n
        print("Resource.__enter__")<\/p>\n
        return self<\/p>\n
    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):<\/p>\n
        print("Resource.__exit__")<\/p>\n
class ManagedResource(Resource):<\/p>\n
    def __enter__(self):<\/p>\n
        super().__enter__()<\/p>\n
        print("ManagedResource.__enter__")<\/p>\n
        return self<\/p>\n
    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):<\/p>\n
        try:<\/p>\n
            return super().__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)<\/p>\n
        finally:<\/p>\n
            print("ManagedResource.__exit__")<\/p>\n
with ManagedResource() as mr:<\/p>\n
    print("Using managed resource")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cManagedResource\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86Resource\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176__enter__\u548c__exit__\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Resource.__enter__<\/p>\n
ManagedResource.__enter__<\/p>\n
Using managed resource<\/p>\n
Resource.__exit__<\/p>\n
ManagedResource.__exit__<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684__exit__\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u8c03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u56db\u3001\u5728\u7ec4\u5408\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7ec4\u5408\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0csuper()\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5408\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Component:<\/p>\n
    def operation(self):<\/p>\n
        print("Component.operation")<\/p>\n
class Decorator(Component):<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, component):<\/p>\n
        self._component = component<\/p>\n
    def operation(self):<\/p>\n
        super().operation()<\/p>\n
        self._component.operation()<\/p>\n
class ConcreteComponent(Component):<\/p>\n
    def operation(self):<\/p>\n
        print("ConcreteComponent.operation")<\/p>\n
component = ConcreteComponent()<\/p>\n
decorator = Decorator(component)<\/p>\n
decorator.operation()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cDecorator\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86Component\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176operation\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684operation\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Component.operation<\/p>\n
ConcreteComponent.operation<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7ec4\u5408\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5341\u4e94\u3001\u5728\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0csuper()\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class SingletonMeta(type):<\/p>\n
    _instance = None<\/p>\n
    def __call__(cls, *args, kwargs):<\/p>\n
        if cls._instance is None:<\/p>\n
            cls._instance = super().__call__(*args, kwargs)<\/p>\n
        return cls._instance<\/p>\n
class Singleton(metaclass=SingletonMeta):<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
singleton1 = Singleton()<\/p>\n
singleton2 = Singleton()<\/p>\n
print(singleton1 is singleton2)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cSingletonMeta\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176__call__\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684__call__\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
True<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5355\u4f8b\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u591a\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86super()\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u638c\u63e1\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u4ec0\u4e48\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7684super\u51fd\u6570\uff1f<\/strong>
super\u51fd\u6570\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\uff08\u8d85\u7c7b\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u8bbf\u95ee\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u91cd\u7528\u548c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528super\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff1f<\/strong>
\u4f7f\u7528super\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6b63\u786e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u8c03\u7528super\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u7236\u7c7b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u7c7b\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u987a\u5e8f\uff08MRO\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3super\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u8986\u76d6\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528super\u51fd\u6570\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u7236\u7c7b\u540c\u540d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528super\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u6269\u5c55\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u8986\u76d6\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
class Parent:\n    def show(self):\n        print("Parent method")\n\nclass Child(Parent):\n    def show(self):\n        super().show()  # \u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684show\u65b9\u6cd5\n        print("Child method")\n\nchild = Child()\nchild.show()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cChild\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684show\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u4e86Parent\u7c7b\u7684show\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u7236\u7c7b\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u7684super()\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u7528\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5728\u591a\u91cd\u7ee7\u627f\u65f6\u7ba1\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ee7\u627f\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u589e\u5f3a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002 \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1155075,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1155069"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1155069"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1155069\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1155077,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1155069\/revisions\/1155077"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1155075"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1155069"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1155069"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1155069"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}