{"id":1160733,"date":"2025-01-13T19:08:21","date_gmt":"2025-01-13T11:08:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1160733.html"},"modified":"2025-01-13T19:08:23","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T11:08:23","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%81%9a%e7%bd%91%e9%a1%b5%e5%90%8e%e7%ab%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1160733.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u7f51\u9875\u540e\u7aef"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u7f51\u9875\u540e\u7aef\"<\/p>\n

Python \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u7b80\u6d01\u6613\u8bfb\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u5907\u53d7\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u559c\u7231\u3002\u5728\u505a\u7f51\u9875\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\uff0cPython \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u6709 Django\u3001Flask\u3001FastAPI\u3001Pyramid<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cDjango \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u5f00\u53d1<\/strong>\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6846\u67b6\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001Django<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001Django\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Django \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7 Python Web \u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5e72\u51c0\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7b80\u5316\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3002Django \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec ORM\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u540e\u53f0\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u521b\u5efa<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Django\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install django<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 Django \u9879\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
django-admin startproject myproject<\/p>\n
cd myproject<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python manage.py startapp myapp<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0e\u8fd0\u884c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4fee\u6539 settings.py<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4f60\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5230 INSTALLED_APPS<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
INSTALLED_APPS = [<\/p>\n
    ...<\/p>\n
    'myapp',<\/p>\n
]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728 myapp<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa views.py<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from django.http import HttpResponse<\/p>\n
def index(request):<\/p>\n
    return HttpResponse("Hello, world!")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u914d\u7f6e URL \u8def\u7531\uff0c\u5728 myproject\/urls.py<\/code> \u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from django.contrib import admin<\/p>\n
from django.urls import path<\/p>\n
from myapp import views<\/p>\n
urlpatterns = [<\/p>\n
    path('admin\/', admin.site.urls),<\/p>\n
    path('', views.index, name='index'),<\/p>\n
]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python manage.py runserver<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/<\/code>\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u770b\u5230 "Hello, world!"\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001Django ORM<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Django \u7684 ORM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff09\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5728 myapp\/models.py<\/code> \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from django.db import models<\/p>\n
class Article(models.Model):<\/p>\n
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)<\/p>\n
    content = models.TextField()<\/p>\n
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python manage.py makemigrations<\/p>\n
python manage.py migrate<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728 views.py<\/code> \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from django.shortcuts import render<\/p>\n
from .models import Article<\/p>\n
def index(request):<\/p>\n
    articles = Article.objects.all()<\/p>\n
    return render(request, 'index.html', {'articles': articles})<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001Flask<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001Flask\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Flask \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684 WSGI Web \u5e94\u7528\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5b83\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u521b\u5efa<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Flask\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install Flask<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684 Flask \u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/')<\/p>\n
def hello_world():<\/p>\n
    return 'Hello, World!'<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__mAI<\/a>n__':<\/p>\n
    app.run()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python app.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee http:\/\/127.0.0.1:5000\/<\/code>\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u770b\u5230 "Hello, World!"\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u4e0e\u8def\u7531<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Flask \u652f\u6301\u4f7f\u7528 Jinja2 \u6a21\u677f\u5f15\u64ce\u3002\u5728 templates<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa index.html<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
<!doctype html><\/p>\n
<html lang="en"><\/p>\n
<head><\/p>\n
  <meta charset="utf-8"><\/p>\n
  <title>Hello<\/title><\/p>\n
<\/head><\/p>\n
<body><\/p>\n
  <h1>{{ message }}<\/h1><\/p>\n
<\/body><\/p>\n
<\/html><\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728 app.py<\/code> \u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask, render_template<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/')<\/p>\n
def index():<\/p>\n
    return render_template('index.html', message='Hello, World!')<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    app.run()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001Flask\u6269\u5c55<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Flask \u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Flask-SQLAlchemy \u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install Flask-SQLAlchemy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728 app.py<\/code> \u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask<\/p>\n
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:\/\/\/test.db'<\/p>\n
db = SQLAlchemy(app)<\/p>\n
class User(db.Model):<\/p>\n
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)<\/p>\n
    username = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)<\/p>\n
    email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False)<\/p>\n
    def __repr__(self):<\/p>\n
        return '<User %r>' % self.username<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__main__':<\/p>\n
    db.create_all()<\/p>\n
    app.run()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001FastAPI<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001FastAPI\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
FastAPI \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u3001\u5feb\u901f\uff08\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\uff09\u7684 Web \u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e Python 3.7+ \u6807\u51c6\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684 API \u6784\u5efa\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6 Python \u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u521b\u5efa<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 FastAPI \u548c Uvicorn\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install fastapi uvicorn<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684 FastAPI \u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from fastapi import FastAPI<\/p>\n
app = FastAPI()<\/p>\n
@app.get("\/")<\/p>\n
def read_root():<\/p>\n
    return {"Hello": "World"}<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    import uvicorn<\/p>\n
    uvicorn.run(app, host="127.0.0.1", port=8000)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python app.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/<\/code>\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u770b\u5230 {"Hello": "World"}\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0e\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
FastAPI \u652f\u6301\u8def\u5f84\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from fastapi import FastAPI<\/p>\n
app = FastAPI()<\/p>\n
@app.get("\/items\/{item_id}")<\/p>\n
def read_item(item_id: int, q: str = None):<\/p>\n
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from fastapi import FastAPI<\/p>\n
from pydantic import BaseModel<\/p>\n
app = FastAPI()<\/p>\n
class Item(BaseModel):<\/p>\n
    name: str<\/p>\n
    description: str = None<\/p>\n
    price: float<\/p>\n
    tax: float = None<\/p>\n
@app.post("\/items\/")<\/p>\n
def create_item(item: Item):<\/p>\n
    return item<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u6587\u6863<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
FastAPI \u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f API \u6587\u6863\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e OpenAPI \u548c JSON Schema\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/docs<\/code> \u67e5\u770b Swagger UI \u6587\u6863\uff0c\u6216\u8bbf\u95ee http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/redoc<\/code> \u67e5\u770b ReDoc \u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001Pyramid<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001Pyramid\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Pyramid \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684 Python Web \u5e94\u7528\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8def\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u9879\u76ee\u521b\u5efa<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5 Pyramid\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pyramid<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 Cookiecutter \u751f\u6210\u9879\u76ee\u6a21\u677f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install cookiecutter<\/p>\n
cookiecutter gh:Pylons\/pyramid-cookiecutter-starter<\/p>\n
cd myproject<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install -e .<\/p>\n
pserve development.ini<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee http:\/\/127.0.0.1:6543\/<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u4e0e\u8def\u7531<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728 myproject\/views\/default.py<\/code> \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c6\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from pyramid.view import view_config<\/p>\n
@view_config(route_name='home', renderer='templates\/mytemplate.jinja2')<\/p>\n
def my_view(request):<\/p>\n
    return {'project': 'myproject'}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728 myproject\/routes.py<\/code> \u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u8def\u7531\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def includeme(config):<\/p>\n
    config.add_static_view('static', 'static', cache_max_age=3600)<\/p>\n
    config.add_route('home', '\/')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u4e0e\u914d\u7f6e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Pyramid \u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6a21\u677f\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662f Jinja2\u3002\u5728 myproject\/templates<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa mytemplate.jinja2<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
<!DOCTYPE html><\/p>\n
<html><\/p>\n
<head><\/p>\n
    <title>${project}<\/title><\/p>\n
<\/head><\/p>\n
<body><\/p>\n
    <h1>Hello, World!<\/h1><\/p>\n
<\/body><\/p>\n
<\/html><\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728 myproject\/__init__.py<\/code> \u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e Jinja2\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from pyramid.config import Configurator<\/p>\n
from pyramid.response import Response<\/p>\n
from pyramid_jinja2 import renderer_factory<\/p>\n
def main(global_config, settings):<\/p>\n
    config = Configurator(settings=settings)<\/p>\n
    config.include('pyramid_jinja2')<\/p>\n
    config.add_jinja2_renderer('.jinja2')<\/p>\n
    config.scan()<\/p>\n
    return config.make_wsgi_app()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Jinja2 \u6a21\u677f\u5f15\u64ce\u6e32\u67d3\u89c6\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u6280\u672f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
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