{"id":1161956,"date":"2025-01-13T19:22:48","date_gmt":"2025-01-13T11:22:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1161956.html"},"modified":"2025-01-13T19:22:52","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T11:22:52","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e7%b1%bb%e5%8f%98%e9%87%8f%e7%b1%bb%e5%9e%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/1161956.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\"<\/p>\n

Python\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6ce8\u91ca\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528dataclass\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pydantic\u3001\u4f7f\u7528attrs\u3002<\/strong> \u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u4f7f\u7528\u6ce8\u91ca\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u6ce8\u91ca\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6ce8\u91ca\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u53d8\u91cf\u540d\u540e\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u5192\u53f7\uff08:\uff09\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u91ca\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002Python 3.6\u53ca\u4ee5\u540e\u7248\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

class MyClass:<\/p>\n
    class_variable: int = 10<\/p>\n
    another_variable: str = "Hello"<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b MyClass<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf class_variable<\/code> \u548c another_variable<\/code>\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u6ce8\u91ca\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982Mypy\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdPython\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u6ce8\u91ca\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6ce8\u91ca\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5229\u7528\u4e86Python\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    name: str<\/p>\n
    age: int<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name: str, age: int):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u91ca\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86 name<\/code> \u548c age<\/code> \u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\u907f\u514d\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.2 \u4f7f\u7528Mypy\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Mypy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9759\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Mypy\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
mypy your_script.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
Mypy\u4f1a\u626b\u63cf\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u91ca\uff0c\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\uff0cMypy\u4f1a\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001dataclass<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
2.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\uff08dataclass\uff09\u662fPython 3.7\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5316\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210 __init__<\/code>\u3001__repr__<\/code>\u3001__eq__<\/code> \u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from dataclasses import dataclass<\/p>\n
@dataclass<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    name: str<\/p>\n
    age: int<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 @dataclass<\/code> \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a Person<\/code> \u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u91ca\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u521b\u5efa Person<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7c7b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u6027\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 __init__<\/code>\u3001__repr__<\/code> \u548c __eq__<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
p = Person(name="Alice", age=30)<\/p>\n
print(p)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Person(name='Alice', age=30)<\/p>\n
print(p == Person(name="Alice", age=30))  # \u8f93\u51fa: True<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001pydantic<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
3.1 \u5b9a\u4e49Pydantic\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Pydantic\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002Pydantic\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49API\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from pydantic import BaseModel<\/p>\n
class Person(BaseModel):<\/p>\n
    name: str<\/p>\n
    age: int<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a Person<\/code> \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u91ca\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002Pydantic\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.2 \u4f7f\u7528Pydantic\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Pydantic\u6a21\u578b\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u65f6\u629b\u51fa\u9a8c\u8bc1\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
data = {"name": "Alice", "age": "30"}<\/p>\n
person = Person(data)<\/p>\n
print(person)  # \u8f93\u51fa: name='Alice' age=30<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cPydantic\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7c7b\u578b\u7684 age<\/code> \u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u5efa Person<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0cPydantic\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa ValidationError<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    data = {"name": "Alice", "age": "invalid"}<\/p>\n
    person = Person(data)<\/p>\n
except ValidationError as e:<\/p>\n
    print(e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e age<\/code> \u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0cPydantic\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa ValidationError<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001attrs<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
4.1 \u5b9a\u4e49Attrs\u7c7b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Attrs\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5316\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u91ca\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import attr<\/p>\n
@attr.s<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    name: str = attr.ib()<\/p>\n
    age: int = attr.ib()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 @attr.s<\/code> \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a Person<\/code> \u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7 attr.ib()<\/code> \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002Attrs\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.2 \u4f7f\u7528Attrs\u7c7b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Attrs\u7c7b\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7528\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u3001__repr__<\/code> \u548c __eq__<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u652f\u6301\u5b57\u6bb5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
p = Person(name="Alice", age=30)<\/p>\n
print(p)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Person(name='Alice', age=30)<\/p>\n
print(p == Person(name="Alice", age=30))  # \u8f93\u51fa: True<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Attrs\u7c7b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.3 \u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u6bb5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Attrs\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u6bb5\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b57\u6bb5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import attr<\/p>\n
def validate_age(instance, attribute, value):<\/p>\n
    if value < 0:<\/p>\n
        rAI<\/a>se ValueError("Age must be non-negative")<\/p>\n
@attr.s<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    name: str = attr.ib()<\/p>\n
    age: int = attr.ib(validator=validate_age, default=0)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a validate_age<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1 age<\/code> \u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u975e\u8d1f\u6570\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 attr.ib<\/code> \u7684 validator<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8be5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e age<\/code> \u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e3a age<\/code> \u5b57\u6bb5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c 0<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    p = Person(name="Alice", age=-1)<\/p>\n
except ValueError as e:<\/p>\n
    print(e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e age<\/code> \u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u503c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u6570\uff0cvalidate_age<\/code> \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa ValueError<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86Python\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6ce8\u91ca\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\uff08dataclass\uff09\u3001Pydantic\u548cAttrs\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u6ce8\u91ca\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u6570\u636e\u7c7b\uff08dataclass\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7b80\u5316\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n
  • Pydantic<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49API\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n
  • Attrs<\/strong>\uff1a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u590d\u6742\u903b\u8f91\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7c7b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u7c7b\u578b\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u91ca\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u3001Pydantic\u8fd8\u662fAttrs\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u90fd\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u5065\u58ee\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u4ec0\u4e48\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u540d\u6216\u5b9e\u4f8b\u540d\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4e3a\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u578b\u6ce8\u89e3\u4e3a\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5192\u53f7\u540e\u8ddf\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u786e\u6307\u793a\u8be5\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u9884\u671f\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    class MyClass:\n    class_variable: int = 10\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cclass_variable<\/code>\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0e\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u5171\u4eab\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\uff0c\u800c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u4fee\u6539\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    class MyClass:\n    class_variable = 0\n\n    def __init__(self, value):\n        self.instance_variable = value\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\nobj1 = MyClass(1)\nobj2 = MyClass(2)\n\n# \u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\nMyClass.class_variable += 1\n\n# obj1 \u548c obj2 \u5171\u4eab\u7684\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\nprint(MyClass.class_variable)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a1\n\n# obj1 \u548c obj2 \u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\nprint(obj1.instance_variable)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a1\nprint(obj2.instance_variable)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6ce8\u91ca\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528dataclass\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pydantic\u3001\u4f7f\u7528attrs […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1161963,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1161956"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1161956"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1161956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1161964,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1161956\/revisions\/1161964"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1161963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1161956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1161956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1161956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}