{"id":1183485,"date":"2025-01-15T19:15:09","date_gmt":"2025-01-15T11:15:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1183485.html"},"modified":"2025-01-15T19:15:12","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T11:15:12","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e5%8f%96%e5%9d%80%e7%ac%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/1183485.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u53d6\u5740\u7b26"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u53d6\u5740\u7b26\"<\/p>\n

Python\u4e2d\u7684\u53d6\u5740\u7b26\uff08address-of operator\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u53d6\u5740\u7b26\uff0c\u5982C\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684&<\/code>\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570id()<\/code>\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002\u4f7f\u7528id()\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4f7f\u7528ctypes\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u4f7f\u7528memoryview\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5728Python\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528ctypes<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

ctypes\u6a21\u5757\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

ctypes<\/code>\u662fPython\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8c03\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\uff08DLL\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7ctypes<\/code>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u5e95\u5c42\u5185\u5b58\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u4f7f\u7528ctypes<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import ctypes<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong><\/h2>\n
a = 10<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740<\/strong><\/h2>\n
address = id(a)<\/p>\n
\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
pointer = ctypes.cast(address, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int))<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(f'\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff1a{address}')<\/p>\n
print(f'\u6307\u9488\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a{pointer.contents.value}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7id()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6\u53d8\u91cfa<\/code>\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528ctypes.cast<\/code>\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n
\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528id()\u51fd\u6570<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
id()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
a = 42<\/p>\n
address = id(a)<\/p>\n
print(f'\u53d8\u91cfa\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u662f\uff1a{address}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7id()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cPython\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5982\u6574\u6570\u548c\u77ed\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
id()\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136id()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ctypes<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528ctypes\u6a21\u5757<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
ctypes<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0eC\u8bed\u8a00\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6307\u9488\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
import ctypes<\/p>\n
a = 42<\/p>\n
address = id(a)<\/p>\n
pointer = ctypes.cast(address, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int))<\/p>\n
print(f'\u53d8\u91cfa\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u662f\uff1a{address}')<\/p>\n
print(f'\u6307\u9488\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a{pointer.contents.value}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u901a\u8fc7id()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u83b7\u53d6\u53d8\u91cfa<\/code>\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528ctypes.cast<\/code>\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6307\u9488\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import ctypes<\/p>\n
a = 42<\/p>\n
address = id(a)<\/p>\n
pointer = ctypes.cast(address, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int))<\/p>\n
pointer.contents.value = 84<\/p>\n
print(f'\u53d8\u91cfa\u7684\u503c\u662f\uff1a{a}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cPython\u4e2d\u7684\u6574\u6570\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u4fee\u6539\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528memoryview\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
memoryview<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efamemoryview\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
import array<\/p>\n
a = array.array('i', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])<\/p>\n
m = memoryview(a)<\/p>\n
print(f'memoryview\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a{m.tolist()}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7memoryview<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
m[0] = 42<\/p>\n
print(f'\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\uff1a{a}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
memoryview\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
memoryview<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u5207\u7247\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import numpy as np<\/p>\n
a = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])<\/p>\n
m = memoryview(a)<\/p>\n
print(f'memoryview\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a{m.tolist()}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7memoryview<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u64cd\u4f5c\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u590d\u5236\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001ctypes\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
ctypes<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u94fe\u63a5\u5e93\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8c03\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
import ctypes<\/p>\n
lib = ctypes.CDLL('.\/mylib.so')<\/p>\n
result = lib.my_function(42)<\/p>\n
print(f'C\u8bed\u8a00\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\uff1a{result}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7ctypes<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u8c03\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49C\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ctypes<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u5b9a\u4e49C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import ctypes<\/p>\n
class MyStruct(ctypes.Structure):<\/p>\n
    _fields_ = [('x', ctypes.c_int), ('y', ctypes.c_float)]<\/p>\n
s = MyStruct(42, 3.14)<\/p>\n
print(f'\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1ax={s.x}, y={s.y}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7ctypes<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u64cd\u4f5cC\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u548c\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528ctypes<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u90fd\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u91ca\u653e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import ctypes<\/p>\n
ptr = ctypes.create_string_buffer(1024)<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528ptr<\/strong><\/h2>\n
ctypes.memset(ptr, 0, 1024)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u5185\u5b58\u540e\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u907f\u514d\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u5b58\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u90fd\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import ctypes<\/p>\n
a = 42<\/p>\n
address = id(a)<\/p>\n
pointer = ctypes.cast(address, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int))<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    pointer.contents.value = 84<\/p>\n
except ValueError as e:<\/p>\n
    print(f'\u9519\u8bef\uff1a{e}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u548c\u672a\u5b9a\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u53d6\u5740\u7b26\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u4f7f\u7528id()\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u4f7f\u7528ctypes\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u64cd\u4f5c\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u8c03\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u4f7f\u7528memoryview\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6548\u64cd\u4f5c\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. \u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528ctypes\u6a21\u5757\u5b9a\u4e49C\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u548c\u8c03\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n
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