{"id":169343,"date":"2024-05-08T16:43:47","date_gmt":"2024-05-08T08:43:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/169343.html"},"modified":"2024-05-08T16:43:50","modified_gmt":"2024-05-08T08:43:50","slug":"javascript-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e9%97%ad%e5%8c%85%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e7%a7%81%e6%9c%89%e5%8f%98%e9%87%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/169343.html","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u95ed\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"JavaScript<\/p>\n

\u95ed\u5305\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u6307\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong>\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u5916\u754c\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u7684<\/strong>\u3001\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0d\u7ecf\u610f\u95f4\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801\u6240\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong>\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u95ed\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u8fd4\u56de\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u4ee3\u7801\u5219\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5f53\u4f60\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u53d8\u91cf\u540e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f60\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u91cc\u518d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u5df2\u7ecf\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u5373\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u95ed\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8JavaScript\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u95ed\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u95ed\u5305\u57fa\u7840\u6982\u5ff5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u95ed\u5305\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u95ed\u5305\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u95ed\u5305\uff08Closure\uff09\u662fJavaScript\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u65f6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u8bcd\u6cd5\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u95ed\u5305\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5e76\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5b9a\u4e49\u95ed\u5305<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u95ed\u5305\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8bf4\u662f'\u6355\u83b7'\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f9d\u7136\u5bf9\u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u53ef\u89c1\u4e14\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u95ed\u5305\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u95ed\u5305\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u7ef4\u6301\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5c01\u88c5\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7f16\u7a0b\u7b49\u3002\u95ed\u5305\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7528\u9014\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u907f\u514d\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9690\u85cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u95ed\u5305\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7406\u89e3JavaScript\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u6027\u548c\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u51fd\u6570\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u3002\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5185\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u5916\u90e8\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4e2d\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6bd5\u540e\u9500\u6bc1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u95ed\u5305\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u8df3\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u88ab\u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u6301\u7eed\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u540e\u88ab\u9500\u6bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e09\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u95ed\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n

\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\u660e\u767d\u4e86\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u770b\u5177\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u95ed\u5305\u521b\u5efa\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u66b4\u9732\u5230\u5916\u90e8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u5de5\u5382<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5de5\u5382\uff0c\u5373\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8fd4\u56de\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5916\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u56e0\u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u800c\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

function createCounter() {<\/p>\n
  let count = 0; \/\/ \u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n
  return function() {<\/p>\n
    \/\/ \u5185\u90e8\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u95ed\u5305\uff09<\/p>\n
    count += 1;<\/p>\n
    return count;<\/p>\n
  };<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
const counter = createCounter();<\/p>\n
console.log(counter()); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a1<\/p>\n
console.log(counter()); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0ccount<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7counter()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08IIFE\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff08Immediately Invoked Function Expression\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u65f6\u5c31\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\u7684JavaScript\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u95ed\u5305\u5e76\u5c01\u88c5\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
const myModule = (function() {<\/p>\n
  let privateVar = 'I am private';<\/p>\n
  return {<\/p>\n
    getPrivate: function() {<\/p>\n
      \/\/ \u516c\u5171\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbf\u95ee\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n
      return privateVar;<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
  };<\/p>\n
})();<\/p>\n
console.log(myModule.getPrivate()); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aI am private<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cprivateVar<\/code>\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u79c1\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7myModule.getPrivate<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n
\u56db\u3001\u95ed\u5305\u548c\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u95ed\u5305\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f7f\u7528\u95ed\u5305\u5b9e\u73b0\u79c1\u6709\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7528\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u95ed\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c01\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9690\u85cf\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u7b26\u5408\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u4e2d\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6a21\u5757\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u5757\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u95ed\u5305\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u62e5\u6709\u79c1\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u516c\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ba1\u7406JavaScript\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
var myModule = (function() {<\/p>\n
  var _privateProperty = 'Hello World';<\/p>\n
  function _privateMethod() {<\/p>\n
    console.log(_privateProperty);<\/p>\n
  }<\/p>\n
  return {<\/p>\n
    publicMethod: function() {<\/p>\n
      _privateMethod();<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
  };<\/p>\n
})();<\/p>\n
myModule.publicMethod(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aHello World<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757myModule<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u6709\u5c5e\u6027_privateProperty<\/code>\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u79c1\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5_privateMethod<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5publicMethod<\/code>\u5141\u8bb8\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n
\u4e94\u3001\u95ed\u5305\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u884c\u4e3a<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u95ed\u5305\u5728\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u95ed\u5305\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u7684\u95ed\u5305\u9677\u9631<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
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for (var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {<\/p>\n
  setTimeout(function() {<\/p>\n
    console.log(i); \/\/ \u9884\u671f\u8f93\u51fa1\u52305\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8f93\u51fa\u4e866\u4e94\u6b21<\/p>\n
  }, i * 1000);<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
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for (var i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {<\/p>\n
  (function(j) {<\/p>\n
    setTimeout(function() {<\/p>\n
      console.log(j); \/\/ \u6b63\u786e\u8f93\u51fa1\u52305<\/p>\n
    }, j * 1000);<\/p>\n
  })(i);<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
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\n
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\n
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\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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    \n
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      \n
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