{"id":930508,"date":"2024-12-26T17:17:56","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T09:17:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/930508.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T17:17:59","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T09:17:59","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%88%ac%e5%9f%9f%e5%90%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/930508.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u57df\u540d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u57df\u540d\"<\/p>\n

Python\u722c\u53d6\u57df\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u5e93\u5982Scrapy\u3001Beautiful Soup\u6216Requests\u5e93\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0cScrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u722c\u866b\u9700\u6c42\uff1bBeautiful Soup\u5219\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u7b80\u5355\u7684HTML\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u53d6\uff1bRequests\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u722c\u866b\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u57df\u540d\u722c\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001SCRAPY\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Scrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u548c\u534f\u4f5c\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\u722c\u53d6\u57df\u540d\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u73af\u5883\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u8981\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Scrapy\u5e93\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    pip install scrapy<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9879\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    scrapy startproject domAI<\/a>n_scraper<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u8fdb\u5165\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    cd domain_scraper<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u521b\u5efa\u722c\u866b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      Scrapy\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u722c\u866b\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u722c\u866b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      scrapy genspider example example.com<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u8fd9\u5c06\u5728spiders\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aexample.py\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u722c\u866b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u5728example.py\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u6293\u53d6\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u57df\u540d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u722c\u866b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        import scrapy<\/p>\n
        class ExampleSpider(scrapy.Spider):<\/p>\n
            name = 'example'<\/p>\n
            start_urls = ['http:\/\/example.com']<\/p>\n
            def parse(self, response):<\/p>\n
                for domain in response.css('a::attr(href)').re(r'https?:\/\/([^\/]+)\/'):<\/p>\n
                    yield {'domain': domain}<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u8fd9\u4e2a\u722c\u866b\u5c06\u6293\u53d6example.com\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u57df\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u8981\u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          scrapy crawl example<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          Scrapy\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u6293\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u57df\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4e8c\u3001BEAUTIFUL SOUP\u548cREQUESTS\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u722c\u866b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Beautiful Soup\u548cRequests\u5e93\u3002Requests\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u800cBeautiful Soup\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u73af\u5883\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5Requests\u548cBeautiful Soup\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            pip install requests beautifulsoup4<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u89e3\u6790HTML<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              import requests<\/p>\n
              from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
              url = 'http:\/\/example.com'<\/p>\n
              response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
              html_content = response.text<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u63d0\u53d6\u57df\u540d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u4f7f\u7528Beautiful Soup\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u57df\u540d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
                for link in soup.find_all('a', href=True):<\/p>\n
                    print(link['href'])<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                \u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u53d6\u94fe\u63a5\u4e2d\u7684\u57df\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u63d0\u53d6\u57df\u540d<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u4eceHTML\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u57df\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \u5bfc\u5165\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6a21\u5757<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  import re<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. \u5b9a\u4e49\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u6765\u5339\u914d\u57df\u540d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    domain_regex = re.compile(r'https?:\/\/([^\/]+)\/')<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5339\u914d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      \u5728HTML\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u67e5\u627e\u57df\u540d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      domains = domain_regex.findall(html_content)<\/p>\n
                      for domain in domains:<\/p>\n
                          print(domain)<\/p>\n
                      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7ad9<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      1. \u5b89\u88c5Selenium<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        pip install selenium<\/p>\n
                        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                          \n
                        1. \u8bbe\u7f6eSelenium WebDriver<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                          from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
                          driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
                          driver.get('http:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
                          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                            \n
                          1. \u63d0\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                            \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                            html_content = driver.page_source<\/p>\n
                            soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
                            for link in soup.find_all('a', href=True):<\/p>\n
                                print(link['href'])<\/p>\n
                            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                            \u4e94\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                            \u65e0\u8bba\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u722c\u866b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u63d0\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                              \n
                            1. \u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                              \u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5230CSV\u3001JSON\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                              import csv<\/p>\n
                              with open('domains.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile:<\/p>\n
                                  fieldnames = ['domain']<\/p>\n
                                  writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames=fieldnames)<\/p>\n
                                  writer.writeheader()<\/p>\n
                                  for domain in domains:<\/p>\n
                                      writer.writerow({'domain': domain})<\/p>\n
                              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                                \n
                              1. \u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5305\u62ecSQLite\u3001MySQL\u6216MongoDB\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                \u516d\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                  \n
                                1. \u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                  \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u8fdd\u53cd\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                    \n
                                  1. \u722c\u866b\u6548\u7387<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                    \u4f18\u5316\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u9020\u6210\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                      \n
                                    1. \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                                      \u5728\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u8d85\u65f6\u3001\u65e0\u6548\u94fe\u63a5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                      \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u5de5\u5177\uff0cPython\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u722c\u53d6\u57df\u540d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                                      \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                                       \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u57df\u540d\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<\/strong>
                                      \u8981\u722c\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u57df\u540d\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684requests<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u89e3\u6790HTML\u9875\u9762\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\uff08\u5982<a><\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u7684href<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u57df\u540d\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u9075\u5faarobots.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u722c\u866b\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n
                                      \u5728\u722c\u53d6\u57df\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u63aa\u65bd\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff1f<\/strong>
                                      \u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982IP\u9650\u5236\u3001CAPTCHA\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548cUser-Agent\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u907f\u5f00IP\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u9002\u7684User-Agent\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u6b63\u5e38\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u722c\u866b\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\u4e5f\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
                                      \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5728\u722c\u53d6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\uff1f<\/strong>
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