{"id":932917,"date":"2024-12-26T18:06:58","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T10:06:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/932917.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T18:07:01","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T10:07:01","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%88%ac%e5%b0%8f%e8%af%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/932917.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u5c0f\u8bf4"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u5c0f\u8bf4\"<\/p>\n

\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u53d6\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5982requests\u548cBeautifulSoup\u3001\u89e3\u6790HTML\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5206\u9875\u548c\u9632\u6b62\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/strong>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u722c\u866b\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5c1d\u8bd5\u722c\u53d6\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7684\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u673a\u5236\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u5173\u952e\uff0crequests<\/code>\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u800cBeautifulSoup<\/code>\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u63d0\u53d6HTML\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684HTML\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u6210\u529f\u6293\u53d6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5904\u7406\u5206\u9875\u5219\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6293\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u5c06\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u7ae0\u8282\u9875\u9762\u3002\u9632\u6b62\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u63aa\u65bd\u5219\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u9075\u5faa\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u548c\u5ef6\u65f6\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\u53d6\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002Python\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u6784\u5efa\u722c\u866b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    Requests\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    requests<\/code>\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u722c\u866b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0crequests<\/code>\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    import requests<\/p>\n
    url = "http:\/\/example.com"<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
    print(response.text)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u83b7\u53d6http:\/\/example.com<\/code>\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    BeautifulSoup\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684API\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
    html_content = "<html><body><h1>Hello, World!<\/h1><\/body><\/html>"<\/p>\n
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, "html.parser")<\/p>\n
    print(soup.h1.text)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Hello, World!<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dhtml.parser<\/code>\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5176\u4ed6\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001\u89e3\u6790HTML\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u722c\u866b\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u67e5\u770bHTML\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4ee5Google Chrome\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5e76\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002\u53f3\u952e\u70b9\u51fb\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u68c0\u67e5\u201d\u6216\u201c\u68c0\u67e5\u5143\u7d20\u201d\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u627e\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7ae0\u8282\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4d\u4e8e<div class="chapter-content"><\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e00\u65e6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86HTML\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup<\/code>\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      import requests<\/p>\n
      from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
      url = "http:\/\/example.com\/novel\/chapter1"<\/p>\n
      response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
      soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, "html.parser")<\/p>\n
      chapter_content = soup.find("div", class_="chapter-content")<\/p>\n
      print(chapter_content.text)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u63d0\u53d6\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4e09\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5206\u9875<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5927\u591a\u6570\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u5c06\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u7ae0\u8282\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5206\u9875\u4ee5\u6293\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u627e\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u9875\u94fe\u63a5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\u4e2d\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u4f1a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a<a><\/code>\u6807\u7b7e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u5305\u542b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e0b\u4e00\u9875\u201d\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        \u5faa\u73af\u6293\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7ae0\u8282<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u6293\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u627e\u5230\u6307\u5411\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u6293\u53d6\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        import requests<\/p>\n
        from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
        base_url = "http:\/\/example.com\/novel\/"<\/p>\n
        next_page = "chapter1"<\/p>\n
        while next_page:<\/p>\n
            url = base_url + next_page<\/p>\n
            response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
            soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, "html.parser")<\/p>\n
            chapter_content = soup.find("div", class_="chapter-content")<\/p>\n
            print(chapter_content.text)<\/p>\n
            next_link = soup.find("a", text="\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0")<\/p>\n
            next_page = next_link["href"] if next_link else None<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u6293\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e0a\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u56db\u3001\u9632\u6b62\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u63aa\u65bd<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u53cd\u722c\u866b\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6293\u53d6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          \u9075\u5faarobots.txt\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u4e8ehttp:\/\/example.com\/robots.txt<\/code>\uff09\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u7f51\u7ad9\u5141\u8bb8\u548c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u771f\u5b9e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bbe\u7f6eUser-Agent<\/code>\u5934\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          headers = {<\/p>\n
              "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit\/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome\/58.0.3029.110 Safari\/537.3"<\/p>\n
          }<\/p>\n
          response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \n
          \u6dfb\u52a0\u5ef6\u65f6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u6dfb\u52a0\u5ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bfc\u81f4\u88ab\u5c01\u7981\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528time.sleep()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5ef6\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import time<\/p>\n
          time.sleep(2)  # \u5ef6\u65f62\u79d2<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        4. \n
          \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u679c\u7f51\u7ad9\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2aIP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP\u6765\u66f4\u6362IP\u5730\u5740\u3002Python\u7684requests<\/code>\u5e93\u652f\u6301\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7406\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          proxies = {<\/p>\n
              "http": "http:\/\/10.10.1.10:3128",<\/p>\n
              "https": "https:\/\/10.10.1.10:1080",<\/p>\n
          }<\/p>\n
          response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u901a\u8fc7\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6210\u529f\u5730\u722c\u53d6\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u722c\u866b\u5e94\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u5408\u6cd5\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u7248\u6743\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
           \u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684Python\u5e93\u6765\u722c\u53d6\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff1f<\/strong>
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