{"id":934400,"date":"2024-12-26T18:35:05","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T10:35:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/934400.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T18:35:08","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T10:35:08","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%8f%96%e6%95%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/934400.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u6570"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u6570\"<\/p>\n

Python\u53d6\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u901a\u8fc7API\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3001\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u53d6\u6570\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0cPython\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5e93\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08'r'\uff09\u3001\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08'w'\uff09\u548c\u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08'a'\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528readline()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5927\u578b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cPython\u7684with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8d44\u6e90\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u5143\u7ec4\u7b49\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u5217\u8868\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5207\u7247\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5217\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    # \u521b\u5efa\u5217\u8868<\/p>\n
    my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/p>\n
    \u8bbf\u95ee\u5217\u8868\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    print(my_list[0])  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a1<\/p>\n
    \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    my_list.append(6)<\/p>\n
    \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    my_list.remove(2)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u5b57\u5178<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u5b57\u5178\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u952e\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      # \u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178<\/p>\n
      my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'city': 'New York'}<\/p>\n
      \u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      print(my_dict['name'])  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aAlice<\/p>\n
      \u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      my_dict['job'] = 'Engineer'<\/p>\n
      \u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      del my_dict['age']<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e8c\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3001pandas<\/code>\u5e93\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u4f7f\u7528open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6253\u5f00\u3001\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        # \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
        with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
            content = file.read()<\/p>\n
            print(content)<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u4f7f\u7528pandas<\/code>\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          pandas<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5e93\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982CSV\u3001Excel\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
          \u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          df = pd.read_csv('data.csv')<\/p>\n
          print(df.head())<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4e09\u3001\u901a\u8fc7API\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6570\u636e\u662f\u901a\u8fc7API\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\uff0cPython\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\u5982requests<\/code>\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9bAPI\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import requests<\/p>\n
          \u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
          data = response.json()<\/p>\n
          print(data)<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u56db\u3001\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          Python\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5982MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u3001SQLite\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u4f7f\u7528sqlite3<\/code>\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            sqlite3<\/code>\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            import sqlite3<\/p>\n
            \u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
            cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
            \u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM users')<\/p>\n
            rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
            \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            for row in rows:<\/p>\n
                print(row)<\/p>\n
            \u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
            conn.close()<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy<\/code>\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              SQLAlchemy<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684ORM\u5e93\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
              import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
              \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
              engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql:\/\/user:password@host\/dbname')<\/p>\n
              \u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
              query = 'SELECT * FROM users'<\/p>\n
              df = pd.read_sql(query, engine)<\/p>\n
              print(df.head())<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \u4e94\u3001\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u6790\u4e0e\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u6790\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5904\u7406\u7f3a\u5931\u503c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
                \u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                df.drop_duplicates(inplace=True)<\/p>\n
                \u5904\u7406\u7f3a\u5931\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                df.fillna(value={'column_name': 0}, inplace=True)<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6709\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
                  \u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                  print(df.describe())<\/p>\n
                  \u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                  df['column_name'].hist()<\/p>\n
                  plt.show()<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                  \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0cPython\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/a>\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u80fd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                   \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
                  \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982'r'\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u8bfb\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528read()<\/code>\u3001readline()<\/code>\u6216readlines()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u624b\u52a8\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
                  Python\u4e2d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u5e93\uff1f<\/strong>
                  Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5e93\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0cpandas<\/code>\u5e93\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u4eceCSV\u3001Excel\u7b49\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cNumPy<\/code>\u5e93\u5728\u5904\u7406\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u4f18\u5f02\uff0c\u800crequests<\/code>\u5e93\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4ece\u7f51\u7edcAPI\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
                  \u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5230Python\uff1f<\/strong>
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