{"id":934854,"date":"2024-12-26T18:42:05","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T10:42:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/934854.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T18:42:07","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T10:42:07","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%89%a7%e8%a1%8cpatch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/934854.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884cpatch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25071701\/ca331642-47c6-48ab-8171-ad09fd0f57f9.webp\" alt=\"python \u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884cpatch\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6267\u884cpatch\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<code>unittest.mock<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93<code>patch<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001\u5728\u7c7b\u6216\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u66ff\u6362\u5b9e\u73b0\u6765\u8fbe\u5230patch\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<code>unittest.mock<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u7528\u4e8e\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6267\u884cpatch\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528<code>unittest.mock.patch<\/code><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><code>unittest.mock<\/code>\u662fPython\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u66ff\u6362\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>1. <code>unittest.mock.patch<\/code>\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><code>unittest.mock.patch<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u671f\u95f4\u4e34\u65f6\u66ff\u6362\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u7c7b\u6216\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u66ff\u6362\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u6216\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from unittest.mock import patch<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>with patch(&#39;module.ClassName&#39;) as MockClass:<\/p>\n<p>    instance = MockClass()<\/p>\n<p>    instance.method.return_value = &#39;mocked result&#39;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5...<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>@patch(&#39;module.ClassName&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>def test_function(MockClass):<\/p>\n<p>    instance = MockClass()<\/p>\n<p>    instance.method.return_value = &#39;mocked result&#39;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5...<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>2. <code>patch<\/code>\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6a21\u62df\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/strong> \u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\uff08\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001API\u7b49\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>patch<\/code>\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u771f\u5b9e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9694\u79bb\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/strong> \u901a\u8fc7\u66ff\u6362\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u6216\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6d4b\u8bd5\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u6a21\u5757\u4e0a\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8c03\u7528\uff1a<\/strong> \u53ef\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u67d0\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h3>3. \u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570<code>get_data_from_api<\/code>\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2aAPI\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9645\u8c03\u7528API\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528<code>mock<\/code>\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import requests<\/p>\n<p>def get_data_from_api(url):<\/p>\n<p>    response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n<p>    return response.json()<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>from unittest import TestCase<\/p>\n<p>from unittest.mock import patch<\/p>\n<p>class TestApi(TestCase):<\/p>\n<p>    @patch(&#39;requests.get&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>    def test_get_data_from_api(self, mock_get):<\/p>\n<p>        mock_get.return_value.json.return_value = {&#39;key&#39;: &#39;value&#39;}<\/p>\n<p>        url = &#39;http:\/\/example.com\/api\/data&#39;<\/p>\n<p>        result = get_data_from_api(url)<\/p>\n<p>        self.assertEqual(result, {&#39;key&#39;: &#39;value&#39;})<\/p>\n<p>        mock_get.assert_called_once_with(url)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c<code>patch<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u66ff\u6362<code>requests.get<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93<code>patch<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5728Python\u4e4b\u5916\u4f7f\u7528\u8865\u4e01\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728Unix\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>patch<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5e94\u7528\u8865\u4e01\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>1. <code>patch<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><code>patch<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u8865\u4e01\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f<code>.diff<\/code>\u6216<code>.patch<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">patch &lt;original_file&gt; &lt;patch_file&gt;<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>2. \u521b\u5efa\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u8865\u4e01<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u8865\u4e01\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528<code>diff<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u8865\u4e01\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">diff -u original_file modified_file &gt; changes.patch<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5e94\u7528\u8865\u4e01\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528<code>patch<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u5e94\u7528\u8865\u4e01\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">patch original_file changes.patch<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u4e09\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7c7b\u6216\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u66ff\u6362\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u60f3\u4f7f\u7528<code>mock<\/code>\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u60f3\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u884c\u66ff\u6362\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>1. \u66ff\u6362\u7c7b\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u66ff\u6362\u7c7b\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">class OriginalClass:<\/p>\n<p>    def method(self):<\/p>\n<p>        return &quot;original&quot;<\/p>\n<p>class MockClass:<\/p>\n<p>    def method(self):<\/p>\n<p>        return &quot;mocked&quot;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u66ff\u6362<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>OriginalClass = MockClass<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>instance = OriginalClass()<\/p>\n<p>print(instance.method())  # Output: mocked<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u867d\u7136\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ee3\u7801\u96be\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u56db\u3001\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684patch\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u9009\u62e9patch\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528<code>unittest.mock<\/code>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6e90\u7801\u4fee\u6539\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528<code>patch<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u66ff\u6362\uff1a<\/strong> \u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u66ff\u6362\u7c7b\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6267\u884cpatch\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u800c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u9694\u79bb\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\u8c03\u7528\u7b49\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684patch\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u5e76\u719f\u7ec3\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528patch\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528patch\u8fdb\u884c\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8eunittest.mock\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u901a\u8fc7patch\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u6307\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528@patch(&#39;module.ClassName.method_name&#39;)\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362ClassName\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684method_name\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u6a21\u62df\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>patch\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9650\u5236\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5c3d\u7ba1patch\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u51e0\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0cpatch\u53ea\u80fd\u66ff\u6362\u53ef\u8c03\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u66ff\u6362\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u5982\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6216\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u6b63\u786e\u8fd8\u539f\u66ff\u6362\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5f71\u54cd\u540e\u7eed\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cpatch\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u9700\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u610f\u5916\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u66ff\u6362\u5bfc\u81f4\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u9a8c\u8bc1patch\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f\uff1f<\/strong><br 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