{"id":937846,"date":"2024-12-26T19:59:46","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T11:59:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/937846.html"},"modified":"2024-12-26T19:59:47","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T11:59:47","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%bb%ba%e7%ab%8b%e8%a1%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/937846.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u8868"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u8868\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8868\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08DBMS\uff09\u5982SQLite\u3001MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u7b49\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u7b49ORM\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u548cSQLAlchemy\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

SQLite\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0cPython\u5185\u7f6e\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u5f00\u53d1\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u5b89\u88c5SQLite<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u81ea\u5e26SQLite\u5e93\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7sqlite3<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u64cd\u4f5cSQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2. \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bfc\u5165sqlite3<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0cSQLite\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa<\/strong><\/h2>\n
connection = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u6267\u884cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n
cursor = connection.cursor()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u6267\u884cSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6e38\u6807\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684execute<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6267\u884cSQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3ausers<\/code>\u7684\u8868\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/p>\n
cursor.execute('''<\/p>\n
    CREATE TABLE users (<\/p>\n
        id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,<\/p>\n
        name TEXT NOT NULL,<\/p>\n
        age INTEGER,<\/p>\n
        emAI<\/a>l TEXT<\/p>\n
    )<\/p>\n
''')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5. \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u88ab\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5173\u95ed\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/p>\n
connection.commit()<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
connection.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Python ORM\u5e93\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5SQLAlchemy\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install sqlalchemy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u5f15\u64ce\u6765\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0cSQLAlchemy\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/example.db', echo=True)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u5b9a\u4e49\u8868\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u7684declarative_base<\/code>\u548cColumn<\/code>\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7c7b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Base = declarative_base()<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49\u8868\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/h2>\n
class User(Base):<\/p>\n
    __tablename__ = 'users'<\/p>\n
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)<\/p>\n
    name = Column(String)<\/p>\n
    age = Column(Integer)<\/p>\n
    email = Column(String)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Base.metadata.create_all()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u8868<\/p>\n
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u6269\u5c55<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u548cSQLAlchemy\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u3002SQLite\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u800cSQLAlchemy\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9879\u76ee<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9009\u62e9<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u3001\u56e2\u961f\u719f\u6089\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002SQLite\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u800cMySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u7b49\u5219\u9002\u5408\u4e2d\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528ORM\u5de5\u5177<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
ORM\u5de5\u5177\u5982SQLAlchemy\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5168\u90e8\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4. \u6269\u5c55\u5b66\u4e60<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86SQLite\u548cSQLAlchemy\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u5e93\uff0c\u5982MySQL\uff08\u901a\u8fc7PyMySQL\u6216MySQL Connector\uff09\u3001PostgreSQL\uff08\u901a\u8fc7psycopg2\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528SQLite\u3001MySQL\u6216PostgreSQL\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u3002\u4ee5SQLite\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7sqlite3<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u4f7f\u7528SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
import sqlite3\n\n# \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\nconn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')\ncursor = conn.cursor()\n\n# \u521b\u5efa\u8868\ncursor.execute('''\nCREATE TABLE users (\n    id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,\n    name TEXT,\n    age INTEGER\n)\n''')\n\n# \u63d0\u4ea4\u66f4\u6539\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5\nconn.commit()\nconn.close()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3ausers<\/code>\u7684\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542bid<\/code>\u3001name<\/code>\u548cage<\/code>\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f18\u52bf\uff1f<\/strong>
\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff08ORM\uff09\u5982SQLAlchemy\u6216Django ORM\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002ORM\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u901a\u8fc7Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u5199SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62SQL\u6ce8\u5165\u7b49\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u7c7b\uff0cORM\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u68c0\u67e5\u8868\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u8868\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u4e2a\u597d\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884cSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n
cursor.execute("SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name='users';")\nif cursor.fetchone() is None:\n    cursor.execute('''\n    CREATE TABLE users (\n        id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,\n        name TEXT,\n        age INTEGER\n    )\n    ''')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8868\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u8df3\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8868\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08DBMS\uff09\u5982SQLite\u3001MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u7b49\u3002 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":937847,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/937846"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=937846"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/937846\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":937848,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/937846\/revisions\/937848"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/937847"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=937846"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=937846"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=937846"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}