{"id":948221,"date":"2024-12-27T00:01:46","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T16:01:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/948221.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T00:01:48","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T16:01:48","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%b7%bb%e5%8a%a0parser","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/948221.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u6dfb\u52a0parser"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u6dfb\u52a0parser\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff08parser\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u67d0\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5305\u62ecargparse\u7528\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u3001BeautifulSoup\u7528\u4e8eHTML\/XML\u89e3\u6790\u3001\u4ee5\u53caJSON\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7528\u4e8eJSON\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528argparse\u5e93\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528argparse<\/code>\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3aPython\u811a\u672c\u6dfb\u52a0\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u5b89\u88c5\u3002argparse\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aArgumentParser\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528add_argument\u65b9\u6cd5\u6dfb\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u89e3\u6790\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528argparse\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

ARGPARSE\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

argparse<\/code>\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u4e3a\u811a\u672c\u6dfb\u52a0\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u521b\u5efaArgumentParser\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efaArgumentParser\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4f7f\u7528argparse\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u8d1f\u8d23\u5305\u542b\u6240\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u89e3\u6790\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import argparse<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efaArgumentParser\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u529f\u80fd")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u6dfb\u52a0\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528add_argument<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3a\u4f60\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b9a\u4e49\u9700\u8981\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n
parser.add_argument("filename", type=str, help="\u6587\u4ef6\u540d")<\/p>\n
\u6dfb\u52a0\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
parser.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", help="\u8f93\u51fa\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u89e3\u6790\u53c2\u6570<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
parse_args<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u4ece\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u89e3\u6790\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8be5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u542b\u53c2\u6570\u540d\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u503c\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u89e3\u6790\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n
args = parser.parse_args()<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(f"\u6587\u4ef6\u540d: {args.filename}")<\/p>\n
if args.verbose:<\/p>\n
    print("\u8f93\u51fa\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
ARGPARSE\u8fdb\u9636\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
argparse\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u4e92\u65a5\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4e92\u65a5\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e92\u65a5\u53c2\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u7ec4\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u6307\u5b9a\u8be6\u7ec6\u548c\u7b80\u7565\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u4e92\u65a5\u7ec4<\/p>\n
group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()<\/p>\n
group.add_argument("-v", "--verbose", action="store_true", help="\u8f93\u51fa\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f")<\/p>\n
group.add_argument("-q", "--quiet", action="store_true", help="\u5b89\u9759\u6a21\u5f0f")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5b50\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4\u3002argparse\u5141\u8bb8\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efaArgumentParser\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f")<\/p>\n
subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(dest="command")<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/h2>\n
parser_a = subparsers.add_parser("command_a", help="\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4A\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f")<\/p>\n
parser_a.add_argument("param1", type=int, help="\u53c2\u65701")<\/p>\n
parser_b = subparsers.add_parser("command_b", help="\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4B\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f")<\/p>\n
parser_b.add_argument("param2", type=str, help="\u53c2\u65702")<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
args = parser.parse_args()<\/p>\n
if args.command == "command_a":<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u6267\u884c\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4A\uff0c\u53c2\u65701: {args.param1}")<\/p>\n
elif args.command == "command_b":<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u6267\u884c\u5b50\u547d\u4ee4B\uff0c\u53c2\u65702: {args.param2}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u7528\u89e3\u6790\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86argparse\uff0cPython\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. JSON\u89e3\u6790\u5668<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u7684json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790JSON\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u5c06JSON\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u89e3\u6790\u4e3aPython\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7801\u4e3aJSON\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u6790JSON\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/strong><\/h2>\n
json_str = '{"name": "Alice", "age": 25}'<\/p>\n
data = json.loads(json_str)<\/p>\n
print(data["name"])  # \u8f93\u51fa: Alice<\/p>\n
\u5c06Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7801\u4e3aJSON\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/strong><\/h2>\n
person = {"name": "Bob", "age": 30}<\/p>\n
json_data = json.dumps(person)<\/p>\n
print(json_data)  # \u8f93\u51fa: {"name": "Bob", "age": 30}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. BeautifulSoup<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff0c\u5982lxml\u548chtml.parser\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
html_doc = "<html><head><title>\u793a\u4f8b\u9875\u9762<\/title><\/head><body><p>\u6bb5\u843d\u6587\u672c<\/p><\/body><\/html>"<\/p>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, "html.parser")<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u6807\u9898<\/strong><\/h2>\n
title = soup.title.string<\/p>\n
print(title)  # \u8f93\u51fa: \u793a\u4f8b\u9875\u9762<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u6bb5\u843d\u6587\u672c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
paragraph = soup.p.string<\/p>\n
print(paragraph)  # \u8f93\u51fa: \u6bb5\u843d\u6587\u672c<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u540c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u3002argparse<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u4e3a\u811a\u672c\u6dfb\u52a0\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u3002json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u7f16\u7801JSON\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800cBeautifulSoup\u5219\u662fHTML\/XML\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u589e\u5f3aPython\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528argparse\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff1f<\/strong>
argparse\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bfc\u5165argparse\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u521b\u5efaArgumentParser\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528add_argument\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
import argparse\n\nparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='\u793a\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f')\nparser.add_argument('--name', type=str, help='\u60a8\u7684\u540d\u5b57')\nargs = parser.parse_args()\nprint(f'\u4f60\u597d\uff0c{args.name}!')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a--name<\/code>\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff1f<\/strong>
\u4f7f\u7528argparse\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6etype\u3001choices\u548crequired\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u67d0\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u53ea\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u503c\u6216\u786e\u4fdd\u67d0\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002  <\/p>\n
parser.add_argument('--age', type=int, choices=range(1, 120), required=True, help='\u8bf7\u8f93\u5165\u60a8\u7684\u5e74\u9f84')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5fc5\u987b\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ecb\u4e8e1\u5230119\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u63d0\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u4e3aPython\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u6dfb\u52a0\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728argparse\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528default\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u6dfb\u52a0\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u8be5\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002  <\/p>\n
parser.add_argument('--language', type=str, default='Python', help='\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3aPython')\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6237\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b--language<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u4f7f\u7528'Python'\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff08parser\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u67d0\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6216\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5305\u62ecar […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":948224,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/948221"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=948221"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/948221\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":948225,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/948221\/revisions\/948225"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/948224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=948221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=948221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=948221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}