{"id":953136,"date":"2024-12-27T01:40:11","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T17:40:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/953136.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T01:40:14","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T17:40:14","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e8%ae%a1%e6%95%b0%e6%8e%92%e5%ba%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/953136.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\"<\/p>\n

Python\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3001\u7d2f\u52a0\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u7d2f\u52a0\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u5219\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u6bd4\u8f83\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5143\u7d20\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5c0f\u4e14\u4e3a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u786e\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u627e\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u4e3a0\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u904d\u5386\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u5bf9\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u7d2f\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u786e\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u6839\u636e\u7d2f\u52a0\u540e\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5c06\u5143\u7d20\u653e\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n

      \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5c0f\u4e14\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3aO(n+k)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dn\u4e3a\u6570\u7ec4\u5143\u7d20\u4e2a\u6570\uff0ck\u4e3a\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u4e8c\u3001Python\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u4f8b\u6765\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      def counting_sort(arr):<\/p>\n
          if not arr:<\/p>\n
              return arr<\/p>\n
          # 1. \u627e\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u503c<\/p>\n
          max_val = max(arr)<\/p>\n
          min_val = min(arr)<\/p>\n
          # 2. \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4<\/p>\n
          count = [0] * (max_val - min_val + 1)<\/p>\n
          # 3. \u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570<\/p>\n
          for num in arr:<\/p>\n
              count[num - min_val] += 1<\/p>\n
          # 4. \u5bf9\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u7d2f\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
          for i in range(1, len(count)):<\/p>\n
              count[i] += count[i - 1]<\/p>\n
          # 5. \u6784\u5efa\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4<\/p>\n
          output = [0] * len(arr)<\/p>\n
          for num in reversed(arr):<\/p>\n
              output[count[num - min_val] - 1] = num<\/p>\n
              count[num - min_val] -= 1<\/p>\n
          return output<\/p>\n
      \u793a\u4f8b\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      arr = [4, 2, 2, 8, 3, 3, 1]<\/p>\n
      sorted_arr = counting_sort(arr)<\/p>\n
      print("Sorted array:", sorted_arr)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e09\u3001\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\u89e3\u6790<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u627e\u5230\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u503c\u51cf\u53bb\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u52a01\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u503c\u5206\u914d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        \u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u904d\u5386\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u66f4\u65b0\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u504f\u79fb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u51cf\u53bb\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u5728\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      3. \n
        \u7d2f\u52a0\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5bf9\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u7d2f\u52a0\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u662f\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u603b\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u786e\u5b9a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u505a\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      4. \n
        \u6784\u5efa\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u4ece\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u5c06\u5176\u653e\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u5f53\u524d\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u8f93\u51fa\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5c06\u8be5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u503c\u51cf1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u5143\u7d20\u80fd\u591f\u653e\u5728\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u56db\u3001\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          \u4f18\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          • \u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f4e<\/strong>\uff1a\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3aO(n+k)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dn\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0ck\u4e3a\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u6bd4\u57fa\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u503c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u6392\u5e8f\u540e\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
          • \n
            \u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            • \u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8<\/strong>\uff1a\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u5143\u7d20\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3aO(k)\uff0c\u5f53\u5143\u7d20\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8d1f\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u504f\u79fb\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8d1f\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u4e94\u3001\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \n
                \u5904\u7406\u8d1f\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u867d\u7136\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u504f\u79fb\u6280\u672f\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8d1f\u6570\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u627e\u5230\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u504f\u79fb\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u4e3a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5373\u53ef\u5728\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u8d1f\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                def counting_sort_with_negatives(arr):<\/p>\n
                    if not arr:<\/p>\n
                        return arr<\/p>\n
                    max_val = max(arr)<\/p>\n
                    min_val = min(arr)<\/p>\n
                    # \u504f\u79fb\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u4f7f\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u4e3a0<\/p>\n
                    offset = -min_val<\/p>\n
                    count = [0] * (max_val - min_val + 1)<\/p>\n
                    for num in arr:<\/p>\n
                        count[num + offset] += 1<\/p>\n
                    for i in range(1, len(count)):<\/p>\n
                        count[i] += count[i - 1]<\/p>\n
                    output = [0] * len(arr)<\/p>\n
                    for num in reversed(arr):<\/p>\n
                        output[count[num + offset] - 1] = num<\/p>\n
                        count[num + offset] -= 1<\/p>\n
                    return output<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
              2. \n
                \u964d\u4f4e\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\u8fc7\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u5757\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u8ba1\u6570\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u516d\u3001\u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u8ba1\u6570\u6392\u5e8f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u8f83\u5c0f\u4e14\u4e3a\u6574\u6570\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \n
                  \u8003\u8bd5\u6210\u7ee9\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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