{"id":953840,"date":"2024-12-27T01:48:37","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T17:48:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/953840.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T01:48:39","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T17:48:39","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%bc%96%e8%be%91python%e6%8f%92%e4%bb%b6%e4%b8%8b%e8%bd%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/953840.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u8f91python\u63d2\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25094218\/b21e4c46-ec71-4d09-a60a-7e604e676ab9.webp\" alt=\"\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u8f91python\u63d2\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>\u8981\u7f16\u8f91Python\u63d2\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<\/strong>\u7406\u89e3Python\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u638c\u63e1\u63d2\u4ef6\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u719f\u6089\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<strong>\u7b49\u6b65\u9aa4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u5982pip\u6216conda\u6765\u4e0b\u8f7d\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u63d2\u4ef6\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u63d2\u4ef6\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176GitHub\u9875\u9762\u6216\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u627e\u5230\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982Git\uff09\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f60\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u548c\u534f\u4f5c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u9694\u79bb\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e00\u3001\u7406\u89e3Python\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Python\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662fpip\u548cconda\u3002<strong>Pip\u662fPython\u5b98\u65b9\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684Python\u9879\u76ee\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u8f7d\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528pip\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165<code>pip install package-name<\/code>\u5373\u53ef\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cconda\u662fAnaconda\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e2d\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e13\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406Python\u5305\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5305\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Pip\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong>\uff1aPip\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u5e7f\u6cdb\u652f\u6301\u3002\u901a\u8fc7pip\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ecePython Package Index (PyPI) \u4e0b\u8f7d\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u63d2\u4ef6\u3002PyPI\u4e0a\u6709\u6570\u4ee5\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4f7f\u7528pip\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u662f<code>requirements.txt<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u9879\u76ee\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6240\u6709\u63d2\u4ef6\u53ca\u5176\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<code>pip freeze &gt; requirements.txt<\/code>\u751f\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7<code>pip install -r requirements.txt<\/code>\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u6240\u6709\u63d2\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Conda\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/strong>\uff1aConda\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u590d\u6742\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u901a\u8fc7<code>conda install package-name<\/code>\u5b89\u88c5\u63d2\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0cconda\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u51b3\u4f9d\u8d56\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u548c<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/59192.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/a>\u9879\u76ee\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u4e8c\u3001\u638c\u63e1\u63d2\u4ef6\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u7f16\u8f91Python\u63d2\u4ef6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u83b7\u53d6\u5b83\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6258\u7ba1\u5728GitHub\u4e0a\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbf\u95ee\u9879\u76ee\u7684GitHub\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>git clone<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u514b\u9686\u5230\u672c\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u7406\u89e3\u9879\u76ee\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff1aPython\u9879\u76ee\u901a\u5e38\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<code>setup.py<\/code>\u3001<code>README.md<\/code>\u3001<code>LICENSE<\/code>\u7b49\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<code>setup.py<\/code>\u662f\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7248\u672c\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<code>README.md<\/code>\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c<code>LICENSE<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f16\u8f91\u63d2\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4fee\u6539\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63d2\u4ef6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728<code>src<\/code>\u6216<code>lib<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u627e\u5230\u6838\u5fc3\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u9075\u5faa\u539f\u6709\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u6ce8\u91ca\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u4e09\u3001\u719f\u6089\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08VCS\uff09\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ee3\u7801\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002Git\u662f\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u5f00\u6e90\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Git\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1aGit\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u4ee3\u7801\u7248\u672c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7<code>git init<\/code>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2aGit\u4ed3\u5e93\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<code>git add<\/code>\u5c06\u4fee\u6539\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u6682\u5b58\u533a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<code>git commit<\/code>\u63d0\u4ea4\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u63d0\u4ea4\u90fd\u4f1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u5feb\u7167\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u56de\u6eda\u5230\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5206\u652f\u548c\u5408\u5e76<\/strong>\uff1aGit\u652f\u6301\u5206\u652f\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u4fee\u590d\u4e0a\u5e76\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7<code>git branch<\/code>\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<code>git checkout<\/code>\u5207\u6362\u5206\u652f\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7<code>git merge<\/code>\u5c06\u5206\u652f\u5408\u5e76\u56de\u4e3b\u5206\u652f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u4ee5\u9694\u79bb\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u95ee\u9898\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86<code>venv<\/code>\u548c<code>virtualenv<\/code>\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7<code>python -m venv myenv<\/code>\u6216<code>virtualenv myenv<\/code>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u3002\u6fc0\u6d3b\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\u548c\u4f9d\u8d56\u90fd\u5728\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5f71\u54cd\u5168\u5c40Python\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u7ba1\u7406\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u6216conda\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u63d2\u4ef6\u3002\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u63d2\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u5e72\u6270\u3002\u901a\u8fc7<code>requirements.txt<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bb0\u5f55\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u91cd\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u4e94\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u53d1\u5e03\u63d2\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u63d2\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6216\u7834\u574f\u73b0\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684unittest\u6216pytest\u6846\u67b6\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u3002\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u4f8b\u5e94\u8be5\u8986\u76d6\u63d2\u4ef6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6301\u7eed\u96c6\u6210\uff08CI\uff09\u5de5\u5177\u5982Travis 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