{"id":956971,"date":"2024-12-27T02:48:41","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T18:48:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/956971.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T02:48:42","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T18:48:42","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%9f%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/956971.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u57df"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u57df\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u57df\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\uff08dataclass\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u5c01\u88c5\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u57df\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c01\u88c5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c5e\u6027\u4ee3\u8868\u6570\u636e\u57df\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u590d\u7528\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u57df<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u7c7b\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u662fPython\u4e2d\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08OOP\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5176\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u57df\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u548c\u5c5e\u6027<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u57df\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c06\u4ece\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7ee7\u627f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

class Person:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cPerson<\/code>\u7c7b\u62e5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u57df\uff1aname<\/code>\u548cage<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u5c06\u5728\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7c7b\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5176\u6570\u636e\u57df\u8d4b\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
person1 = Person("Alice", 30)<\/p>\n
person2 = Person("Bob", 25)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u65f6\uff0cperson1<\/code>\u548cperson2<\/code>\u662fPerson<\/code>\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u57df<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8c61\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5176\u6570\u636e\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
print(person1.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Alice<\/p>\n
person1.age = 31<\/p>\n
print(person1.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa: 31<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u57df<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u5178\u662fPython\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u57df\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u952e\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u57df\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
person = {<\/p>\n
    "name": "Alice",<\/p>\n
    "age": 30<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u57df<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
print(person["name"])  # \u8f93\u51fa: Alice<\/p>\n
person["age"] = 31<\/p>\n
print(person["age"])   # \u8f93\u51fa: 31<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\uff08dataclass\uff09\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u57df<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python 3.7\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\uff08dataclass\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528@dataclass<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from dataclasses import dataclass<\/p>\n
@dataclass<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    name: str<\/p>\n
    age: int<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5176\u6570\u636e\u57df\u8d4b\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
person1 = Person("Alice", 30)<\/p>\n
person2 = Person("Bob", 25)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u57df<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7c7b\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
print(person1.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Alice<\/p>\n
person1.age = 31<\/p>\n
print(person1.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa: 31<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u57df\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u6570\u636e\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u57df\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u548c\u6570\u636e\u57df\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u903b\u8f91\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6570\u636e\u57df\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u57df\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u57df\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u7b49\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u57df\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u7279\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u8861\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u57df\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u57df\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1f<\/strong>
\u6570\u636e\u57df\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u57df\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4ec5\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u5185\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u800c\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u4e2d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u57df\u7684\u521b\u5efa\uff1f<\/strong>
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u5143\u7ec4\u7b49\u3002\u5217\u8868\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u96c6\u5408\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u800c\u5143\u7ec4\u5219\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u521b\u5efa\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u57df\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u57df\uff1f<\/strong>
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