{"id":957410,"date":"2024-12-27T02:59:52","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T18:59:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/957410.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T02:59:54","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T18:59:54","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e7%ad%94%e9%a2%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/957410.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u7b54\u9898"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25100703\/cf75cb45-7493-4d83-9257-bf86625bfe14.webp\" alt=\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u7b54\u9898\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>Python\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u7b54\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u722c\u866b\u6280\u672f\u6293\u53d6\u9898\u76ee\u548c\u7b54\u6848\u3001\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\uff08NLP\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u9898\u76ee\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7b54\u6848\u751f\u6210\u3001\u901a\u8fc7<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/59192.html\" target=\"_blank\">\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/a>\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u7b54\u6848\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528\u722c\u866b\u6280\u672f\u662f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u9898\u5e93\u6216\u5728\u7ebf\u95ee\u7b54\u5e73\u53f0\u83b7\u53d6\u9898\u76ee\u548c\u7b54\u6848\uff1b\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7406\u89e3\u9898\u76ee\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff1b\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c55\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u722c\u866b\u6280\u672f\u6293\u53d6\u9898\u76ee\u548c\u7b54\u6848<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Python\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u722c\u866b\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\uff0c\u5982Scrapy\u3001BeautifulSoup\u3001Requests\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u6293\u53d6\u9898\u76ee\u548c\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u6216\u9898\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Scrapy\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>Scrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u7684Python\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u722c\u866b\u7c7b\uff0c\u7f16\u5199\u89e3\u6790\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u6293\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u9898\u76ee\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Scrapy\u5e93\uff1a<code>pip install scrapy<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aScrapy\u9879\u76ee\uff1a<code>scrapy startproject myproject<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49\u722c\u866b\u7c7b\uff1a\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u7684spiders\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u722c\u866b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7ee7\u627fscrapy.Spider\u7c7b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7f16\u5199\u89e3\u6790\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u5728\u722c\u866b\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u89e3\u6790\u51fd\u6570parse\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u9898\u76ee\u548c\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u542f\u52a8\u722c\u866b\uff1a\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c<code>scrapy crawl myspider<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684HTML\/XML\u89e3\u6790\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b89\u88c5BeautifulSoup\u5e93\uff1a<code>pip install beautifulsoup4<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<code>requests.get(url)<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\uff1a<code>soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, &#39;html.parser&#39;)<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u63d0\u53d6\u9898\u76ee\u548c\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u7b7e\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u6216CSS\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u5b9a\u4f4d\u9898\u76ee\u548c\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u6293\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u548c\u7b54\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u672c\u5730\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ecCSV\u6587\u4ef6\u3001SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e8c\u3001\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u8fdb\u884c\u9898\u76ee\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7b54\u6848\u751f\u6210<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\uff08NLP\uff09\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u9898\u76ee\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u751f\u6210\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002Python\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591aNLP\u5e93\uff0c\u5982NLTK\u3001spaCy\u3001Transformers\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528NLTK\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>NLTK\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6587\u672c\u9884\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b89\u88c5NLTK\u5e93\uff1a<code>pip install nltk<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u884c\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528nltk.tokenize\u5206\u8bcd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u884c\u8bcd\u6027\u6807\u6ce8\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528nltk.pos_tag\u8fdb\u884c\u8bcd\u6027\u6807\u6ce8\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u63d0\u53d6\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528nltk.FreqDist\u7edf\u8ba1\u8bcd\u9891\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u9898\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528spaCy\u8fdb\u884c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>spaCy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5206\u6790\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b89\u88c5spaCy\u5e93\uff1a<code>pip install spacy<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u52a0\u8f7d\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<code>nlp = spacy.load(&#39;en_core_web_sm&#39;)<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u884c\u547d\u540d\u5b9e\u4f53\u8bc6\u522b\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7nlp(text)\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u547d\u540d\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8fdb\u884c\u4f9d\u5b58\u53e5\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7nlp(text)\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u53e5\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528Transformers\u8fdb\u884c\u7b54\u6848\u751f\u6210<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>Transformers\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b89\u88c5Transformers\u5e93\uff1a<code>pip install transformers<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u52a0\u8f7d\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<code>from transformers import pipeline; nlp = pipeline(&#39;question-answering&#39;)<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u8f93\u5165\u9898\u76ee\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7nlp(question, context)\u751f\u6210\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u4e09\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u7b54\u6848\u9884\u6d4b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u51c6\u5907\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u9898\u76ee\u3001\u7b54\u6848\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u722c\u866b\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u6536\u96c6\u5927\u91cf\u9898\u76ee\u548c\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\uff1a\u5bf9\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u566a\u97f3\u548c\u65e0\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u6807\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6807\u6ce8\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u7763\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u6839\u636e\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7b80\u5355\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u56de\u5f52\u3001\u652f\u6301\u5411\u91cf\u673a\u7b49\u4f20\u7edf\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u590d\u6742\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3001BERT\u7b49\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u8bad\u7ec3\u96c6\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u96c6\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8bad\u7ec3\u96c6\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6a21\u578b\u8bc4\u4f30\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u9a8c\u8bc1\u96c6\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u96c6\u8bc4\u4f30\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u56db\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u7b54\u9898\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u7b54\u9898\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u7b54\u9898\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u6a21\u5757\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ece\u9898\u5e93\u6216\u5728\u7ebf\u5e73\u53f0\u83b7\u53d6\u9898\u76ee\u548c\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5757\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u7406\u89e3\u9898\u76ee\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u751f\u6210\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u5757\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u901a\u8fc7\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u7b54\u6848\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\u6a21\u5757\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol 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