{"id":985717,"date":"2024-12-27T07:39:03","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T23:39:03","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-27T07:39:05","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T23:39:05","slug":"python%e7%88%ac%e8%99%ab%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%b5%9a%e5%a4%96%e5%bf%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/985717.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u722c\u866b\u5982\u4f55\u8d5a\u5916\u5feb"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/24212743\/2496533c-5281-4f1d-a2d4-332ef6fe19a0.webp\" alt=\"python\u722c\u866b\u5982\u4f55\u8d5a\u5916\u5feb\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> 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start=\"2\">\n<li>\u7f51\u7edc\u534f\u8bae\u4e0eHTML\u89e3\u6790<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7406\u89e3HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u548cHTML\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u662f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u8bf7\u6c42\u7c7b\u578b\uff08GET\u3001POST\uff09\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u548c\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u7b49\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u722c\u866b\u3002HTML\u662f\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u719f\u6089HTML\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982\u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u6587\u6863\u5bf9\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e8c\u3001\u5e38\u7528Python\u722c\u866b\u5de5\u5177\u4e0e\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u4e9bPython\u722c\u866b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u722c\u866b\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Requests\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>Requests\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Requests\u5e93\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u5404\u79cdHTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u8868\u5355\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>BeautifulSoup\u5e93<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\u7684Python\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5bfc\u822a\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u6863\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u6811\u3002\u901a\u8fc7BeautifulSoup\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u6807\u9898\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff08\u5982html.parser\u3001lxml\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u89c4\u5219\u7684HTML\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Scrapy\u6846\u67b6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>Scrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u722c\u866b\u548c\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684Python\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u4e0e\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u548cBeautifulSoup\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cScrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ece\u8bf7\u6c42\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u6790\u5230\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u5168\u6d41\u7a0b\u652f\u6301\u3002Scrapy\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u53d1\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u53bb\u91cd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5b83\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u548c\u7ba1\u9053\u6765\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u722c\u866b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e09\u3001\u5bfb\u627e\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u59cb\u5bfb\u627e\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u60a8\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u62a5\u916c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u786e\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u5e02\u573a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u76ee\u6807\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5546\u52a1\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u3001\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u7b49\u884c\u4e1a\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u67e5\u884c\u4e1a\u52a8\u6001\u3001\u53c2\u4e0e\u884c\u4e1a\u4f1a\u8bae\u548c\u8bba\u575b\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e86\u89e3\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u5206\u6790\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u4e86\u89e3\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u662f\u5236\u5b9a\u5e02\u573a\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e00\u73af\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u62a5\u544a\u7b49\u9014\u5f84\u4e86\u89e3\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5206\u6790\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b9a\u4ef7\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u66f4\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6216\u66f4\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u6765\u5438\u5f15\u5ba2\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u56db\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u722c\u866b\u9879\u76ee<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u627e\u5230\u5e02\u573a\u9700\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u722c\u866b\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u5426\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6c9f\u901a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u660e\u786e\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u5f00\u53d1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u660e\u786e\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u89e3\u5ba2\u6237\u9700\u8981\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u3001\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u9891\u7387\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u5e76\u5236\u5b9a\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u722c\u866b\u67b6\u6784<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5408\u7406\u7684\u722c\u866b\u67b6\u6784\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u722c\u866b\u67b6\u6784\u5305\u62ec\u8bf7\u6c42\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u7b49\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u8bf7\u6c42\u8c03\u5ea6\u6a21\u5757\u8d1f\u8d23\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u6790\u6a21\u5757\u8d1f\u8d23\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u6a21\u5757\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u5355\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001\u540c\u6b65\u6216\u5f02\u6b65\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e94\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u722c\u866b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u73af\u8282\u3002\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e3a\u5ba2\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u6839\u636e\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u5728CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u6216SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528MySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u6216MongoDB\u7b49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6216\u534a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u53bb\u91cd\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff0cPandas\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u5206\u6790\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u516d\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u4ea4\u4ed8\u4e0e\u540e\u7eed\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u9879\u76ee\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7ed9\u5ba2\u6237\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u9879\u76ee\u4ea4\u4ed8<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u4ea4\u4ed8\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u6863\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6587\u6863\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u8bf4\u660e\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol 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