{"id":991880,"date":"2024-12-27T08:32:43","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:32:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/991880.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T08:32:45","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:32:45","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%87%aa%e5%ad%a6python%e7%88%ac%e8%99%ab%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/991880.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u5b66python\u722c\u866b\u6280\u672f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25065951\/bf9414f1-3aaf-4df9-8d29-6c44e749790c.webp\" alt=\"\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u5b66python\u722c\u866b\u6280\u672f\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> 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728\u8fdb\u884c\u722c\u866b\u5f00\u53d1\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u7f51\u9875\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>HTTP\u534f\u8bae<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>HTTP\uff08\u8d85\u6587\u672c\u4f20\u8f93\u534f\u8bae\uff09\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7406\u89e3HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ecGET\u548cPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cGET\u8bf7\u6c42\u7528\u4e8e\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800cPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u4ea4\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u722c\u866b\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u7f51\u9875\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u7406\u89e3HTML\u548cCSS\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5305\u62ecHTML\u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u6587\u6863\u5bf9\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\uff08DOM\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e86\u89e3HTML\u7ed3\u6784\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u9875\u7684DOM\u6811\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u719f\u6089\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u3001lxml\u7b49\u5e93\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684HTML\u89e3\u6790\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4eceHTML\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790HTML\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u6807\u7b7e\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><h3>\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u722c\u866b\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e86\u89e3Python\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u722c\u866b\u5e93\uff0c\u5982Requests\u3001BeautifulSoup\u3001Scrapy\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u6293\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Requests\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Requests\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7Requests\u5e93\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u53d1\u9001GET\u548cPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u5904\u7406Cookies\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>BeautifulSoup\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u4ece\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u7b7e\u540d\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Scrapy\u6846\u67b6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Scrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5f00\u53d1\u590d\u6742\u7684\u722c\u866b\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u6293\u53d6\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5b66\u4e60Scrapy\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5982\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49Spider\u3001\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u722c\u866b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><h3>\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6293\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u5206\u6790\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6293\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6742\u4e71\u548c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u6574\u7406\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f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<strong>\u81ea\u5b66Python\u722c\u866b\u6280\u672f\u9700\u8981\u54ea\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1f<\/strong><br 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