{"id":99267,"date":"2024-04-12T11:35:22","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T03:35:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/99267.html"},"modified":"2024-04-12T11:35:23","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T03:35:23","slug":"%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8node-js-express%e6%a1%86%e6%9e%b6%e4%bf%9d%e6%8a%a4api","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/99267.html","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Node.js Express\u6846\u67b6\u4fdd\u62a4API"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u4f7f\u7528Node.js<\/p>\n

API\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Node.js Express\u6846\u67b6<\/strong>\u8fdb\u884cAPI\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u7387\u9650\u5236\u3001\u91c7\u7528HTTPS\u3001\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6e05\u7406\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u5934\u90e8\u3001\u9632\u6b62\u8de8\u7ad9\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f2a\u9020\uff08CSRF\uff09\u548c\u8de8\u7ad9\u811a\u672c\u653b\u51fb\uff08XSS\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86API\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528Express\u6846\u67b6\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4API\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7387\u9650\u5236<\/strong>\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u952e\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u51cf\u7f13\u6076\u610f\u7528\u6237\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u662f\u4e3aAPI\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9632\u62a4\u76fe\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9632\u62a4\u76fe\u6309\u7167\u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u53e3\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6e90IP\u5730\u5740\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u603b\u6570\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662fHTTP 429\uff08Too Many Requests\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u632b\u8d25\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u5982\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u62d2\u7edd\u670d\u52a1\u653b\u51fb\uff08DDoS\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6b63\u5e38\u7528\u6237\u610f\u5916\u5730\u8fc7\u591a\u8bf7\u6c42\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u964d\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6388\u6743\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95eeAPI\u3002\u5728Node.js\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u5982passport<\/code>\u548cjsonwebtoken<\/code>\uff08JWT\uff09\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5177\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u6210passport<\/code>\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u201c\u7b56\u7565\u201d\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7528\u6237\u540d\u548c\u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001OAuth\u8fd8\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u670d\u52a1\uff0cpassport<\/code>\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u90fd\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0cJWT\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u5173\u7684Token\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u5168\u4f20\u8f93\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728Express\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528JWT\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u65f6\u53d1\u653eToken\uff0c\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u6821\u9a8cToken\u4ee5\u786e\u8ba4\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236\uff08Rate Limiting\uff09<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u901f\u7387\u9650\u5236\u662fAPI\u9632\u62a4\u7b56\u7565\u4e2d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u73af\u3002\u5728Express\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528express-rate-limit<\/code>\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

express-rate-limit<\/code><\/strong> \u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u6bd4\u598215\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u6700\u5927\u8bf7\u6c42\u6b21\u6570\u6765\u9650\u5236\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7528\u6237\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u5c31\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u91c7\u7528HTTPS<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS<\/strong>\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b89\u88c5TLS\/SSL\u8bc1\u4e66\uff0cExpress\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Node.js\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528https<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aHTTPS\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5982helmet<\/code>\u548cexpress-enforces-ssl<\/code>\u7b49\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5236\u5e94\u7528\u603b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b89\u5168\u7684HTTP\u8fde\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6e05\u7406<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\u548c\u6e05\u7406\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u9632SQL\u6ce8\u5165\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5982express-validator<\/code>\uff0c\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u6e05\u7406\u6765\u81ea\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u8fdb\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9075\u5faa\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u90ae\u7bb1\u5730\u5740\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6548\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5934\u90e8<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

HTTP\u5934\u90e8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u589e\u5f3aAPI\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u50cfhelmet<\/code>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3aExpress\u5e94\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5b89\u5168\u7684HTTP\u5934\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Helmet<\/strong> \u4f1a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5934\u90e8\uff0c\u5982X-Frame-Options<\/code>\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u70b9\u51fb\u52ab\u6301\uff0cX-XSS-Protection<\/code>\u5f00\u542f\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684XSS\u9632\u62a4\u529f\u80fd\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u9632\u6b62CSRF\u4e0eXSS\u653b\u51fb<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8de8\u7ad9\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f2a\u9020\uff08CSRF<\/strong>\uff09\u548c\u8de8\u7ad9\u811a\u672c\uff08XSS<\/strong>\uff09\u662fWeb\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982csurf<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684token\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62CSRF\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8eXSS\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u751f\u6210\u7684HTML\u90fd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6e05\u7406\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6076\u610f\u811a\u672c\u6ce8\u5165\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3cxss-clean<\/code>\u7684\u5e93\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u9664\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u8de8\u7ad9\u811a\u672c\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u5408\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7b56\u7565\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4f60\u7684Express API\u5c06\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u7a33\u56fa\u3002\u5e94\u5f53\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u548c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u653b\u51fb\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Q1: Node.js Express\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684API\u4fdd\u62a4\u80fd\u529b\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

Node.js Express\u6846\u67b6\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\uff08middleware\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684API\u4fdd\u62a4\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u6765\u9650\u5236\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u6b62\u6076\u610f\u653b\u51fb\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4API\u514d\u53d7\u6076\u610f\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n

Q2: \u5982\u4f55\u5728Node.js Express\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4fdd\u62a4\u5230API\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8981\u5411Node.js Express\u6846\u67b6\u6dfb\u52a0\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Passport.js\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684API\u8def\u7531\u4e0a\u5e94\u7528\u8be5\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95eeAPI\u4e4b\u524d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5176\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u5e76\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bbf\u95eeAPI\u3002<\/p>\n

Q3: \u9664\u4e86\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Node.js Express\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u4fdd\u62a4API\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4Node.js Express\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684API\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868\uff08ACLs\uff09\u6765\u9650\u5236\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u6216\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u6743\u9650\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684API\u7aef\u70b9\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u9650\u6d41\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u6765\u9632\u6b62\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5bfc\u81f4API\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u9650\u6d41\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u786e\u4fddAPI\u5728\u627f\u53d7\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"API\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u91cd\u4e2d\u4e4b\u91cd\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Node.js Express\u6846\u67b6\u8fdb\u884cAPI\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8eab\u4efd […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":99270,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99267"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=99267"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/99267\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/99270"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99267"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=99267"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=99267"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}