{"id":996067,"date":"2024-12-27T09:10:11","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:10:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/996067.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T09:10:13","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:10:13","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8f%90%e9%ab%98python%e8%bf%90%e8%a1%8c%e6%95%88%e7%8e%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/996067.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8python\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8python\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\"<\/p>\n

\u63d0\u9ad8Python\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u91c7\u7528\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3001\u5229\u7528C\u6269\u5c55\u5e93\u3001\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4f18\u5316I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\uff08hash map\uff09\u6bd4\u5217\u8868\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(1)\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u8868\u662fO(n)\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5229\u7528\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f18\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8Python\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u826f\u597d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u51cf\u5c11\u5faa\u73af\u5d4c\u5957<\/strong>
    \u5d4c\u5957\u5faa\u73af\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u5d4c\u5957\u5c42\u7ea7\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong>
    \u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f13\u5b58\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u4e34\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u8fd0\u7b97\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u5c24\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8Python\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u5f53\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      \u5217\u8868\u4e0e\u5b57\u5178<\/strong>
      \u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u6bd4\u5217\u8868\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(1)\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u8868\u662fO(n)\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      \u96c6\u5408\u4e0e\u5217\u8868<\/strong>
      \u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u96c6\u5408\u6bd4\u5217\u8868\u66f4\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u63d2\u5165\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u5177\u6709O(1)\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u8868\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3aO(n)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u4e09\u3001\u91c7\u7528\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      Python\u7684GIL\uff08\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff09\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        \u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong>
        \u5229\u7528Python\u7684multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u7ed5\u8fc7GIL\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838CPU\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8eCPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u56fe\u50cf\u5904\u7406\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      2. \n

        \u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b<\/strong>
        \u5bf9\u4e8eI\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002Python\u7684asyncio<\/code>\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u56db\u3001\u5229\u7528C\u6269\u5c55\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

        Python\u7684\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u800cC\u8bed\u8a00\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528C\u6269\u5c55\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u9ad8\u6548\u7684C\u8bed\u8a00\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n

          NumPy\u548cSciPy<\/strong>
          NumPy\u548cSciPy\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8eC\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u77e9\u9635\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e93\u6765\u52a0\u901f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        2. \n

          Cython<\/strong>
          Cython\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06Python\u4ee3\u7801\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aC\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Cython\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6027\u80fd\u5173\u952e\u7684Python\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3aC\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0cCython\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u4e94\u3001\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

          \u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n

            \u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58<\/strong>
            \u5728\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u8fd0\u7b97\u6216\u9891\u7e41\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u6280\u672f\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002Python\u7684functools.lru_cache<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          2. \n

            \u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>
            \u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6548\u7387\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

            Python\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\u66ff\u4ee3\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. \n

              \u5185\u5efa\u6392\u5e8f<\/strong>
              Python\u7684sorted()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5217\u8868\u7684sort()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5217\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\u6bd4\u624b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u66f4\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

            2. \n

              \u5185\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>
              Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5185\u5efa\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u64cd\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5982len()<\/code>\u3001max()<\/code>\u3001min()<\/code>\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\u66ff\u4ee3\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u4e03\u3001\u4f18\u5316I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

              I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u4f18\u5316I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. \n

                \u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406<\/strong>
                \u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u6216\u5199\u5165\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

              2. \n

                \u5f02\u6b65I\/O<\/strong>
                \u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8fdb\u884cI\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002Python\u7684asyncio<\/code>\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                \u516b\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

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