[Backport 5.x] perf: reduce content-type parser overhead - #7019

This PR does 2 things:

* Replace AsyncResource.bind() with a callback that still preserves
async scope (this is an optimization I've seen in Node.js, I believe by
@mcollina)
* Cache parameterized content-type parser matches

```sh
   Existing command                   Before            After    Change
  ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━  ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━  ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━  ━━━━━━━━
   npm run benchmark:parser    123,106 req/s    161,468 req/s    +31.2%
  ──────────────────────────  ───────────────  ───────────────  ────────
   npm run benchmark           201,041 req/s    201,310 req/s    +0.13%
```

Signed-off-by: Gürgün Dayıoğlu <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit d1dd890)