[BUG] npm sbom emits duplicate entries in CycloneDX dependsOn / SPDX relationships when a node has multiple edges to the same name@version (incomplete fix for #6967) #9310

Is there an existing issue for this?

• I have searched the existing issues

This issue exists in the latest npm version

• I am using the latest npm

Current Behavior

#6967 (PR #7992, shipped in 11.13.0) deduplicates top-level entries in components / dependencies (CycloneDX) and packages (SPDX) by name@version. However the per-node child arrays — CycloneDX dependsOn and
SPDX DEPENDENCY_OF relationships — are still emitted without deduplication.

This happens whenever a single node has multiple edgesOut resolving to the same name@version. The most common trigger is npm's package aliasing, where a package.json declares both a direct dependency and an alias
to the same underlying package:

{
  "dependencies": {
    "lodash": "^4.17.21",
    "lodash-aliased": "npm:lodash@^4.17.21"
  }
}

Both edges resolve to [email protected]. In lib/utils/sbom-cyclonedx.js, toCyclonedxDependency does:

dependsOn: [...node.edgesOut.values()]
  .filter(edge => nodes.find(n => n === edge.to))
  .map(edge => toCyclonedxID(edge.to))
  .filter(id => id),

toCyclonedxID returns ${packageName}@${version}, so two edges to the same package collapse to the same string and both end up in the array. The same shape exists in lib/utils/sbom-spdx.js for DEPENDENCY_OF
relationships.

CycloneDX 1.5 schema requires dependsOn arrays to have unique items, so downstream consumers that validate against the schema (e.g. Dependency Track) reject the SBOM:

$.dependencies[1557].dependsOn: must have only unique items in the array

Expected Behavior

Each dependsOn array (CycloneDX) and each set of DEPENDENCY_OF relationships from a single source (SPDX) contains a given name@version at most once.

Steps To Reproduce

  mkdir sbom-alias-repro && cd sbom-alias-repro
  cat > package.json <<'EOF'
  {
    "name": "sbom-alias-repro",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "dependencies": {
      "lodash": "^4.17.21",
      "lodash-aliased": "npm:lodash@^4.17.21"
    }
  }
  EOF
  npm install --package-lock-only
  npm sbom --sbom-format cyclonedx --package-lock-only | jq '.dependencies[0]'

Output (npm 11.13.0):

{
  "ref": "[email protected]",
  "dependsOn": [
    "[email protected]",
    "[email protected]"
  ]
}

The same project with --sbom-format spdx emits two identical DEPENDENCY_OF relationships from lodash to the root package.

Environment

• npm: 11.13.0
• Node.js: 22.22.2
• OS: macOS (also reproduces on Linux CI)