3.x: Report application information to server #553

Core counterpart: https://github.com/scylladb/scylla-enterprise/issues/5467

Add following keys to startup options map:

1. APPLICATION_NAME - ID what application is using driver, example: repo of the application
2. APPLICATION_VERSION - Version of the application, example: release version or commit id of the application
3. CLIENT_ID - unique id of the client instance, example: pod name

All strings.

Migrated to Jira: DRIVER-239