I meant the former, but the latter is also a good question. I somewhat assumed that at least some implementations would support it, because I've seen some implementations accept broken keys with the algorithm-specific OIDs (with NULL parameters) in some cases, so I assumed they would accept well-formed keys (with the proper parameters) too. But it would be great if you could test this assumption indeed.

Here are some test cases with broken keys:

await Promise.allSettled([
  crypto.subtle.importKey('spki', new Uint8Array([48, 130, 1, 34, 48, 13, 6, 9, 42, 134, 72, 134, 247, 13, 1, 1, 10, 5, 0, 3, 130, 1, 15, 0, 48, 130, 1, 10, 2, 130, 1, 1, 0, 176, 94, 197, 119, 0, 9, 176, 157, 182, 83, 98, 110, 116, 159, 12, 68, 229, 187, 156, 15, 25, 135, 178, 126, 31, 180, 227, 189, 109, 93, 237, 54, 143, 201, 48, 81, 82, 126, 125, 170, 91, 26, 51, 131, 42, 207, 218, 45, 139, 86, 113, 173, 7, 195, 230, 106, 74, 13, 7, 210, 77, 226, 85, 95, 99, 96, 55, 227, 182, 25, 10, 119, 85, 68, 101, 98, 38, 75, 127, 208, 219, 52, 93, 232, 228, 132, 6, 88, 246, 254, 105, 71, 162, 179, 241, 162, 99, 186, 13, 71, 241, 86, 47, 142, 125, 233, 255, 92, 94, 37, 168, 146, 108, 106, 242, 129, 127, 80, 231, 54, 33, 135, 197, 72, 220, 52, 147, 91, 68, 96, 164, 78, 103, 87, 244, 62, 20, 145, 202, 72, 111, 161, 145, 99, 122, 90, 106, 63, 42, 4, 196, 226, 67, 134, 213, 221, 250, 238, 145, 46, 243, 143, 59, 115, 168, 3, 21, 145, 58, 60, 210, 5, 154, 251, 199, 36, 70, 67, 224, 167, 165, 112, 204, 249, 88, 22, 40, 40, 233, 107, 216, 255, 176, 244, 230, 177, 232, 52, 7, 22, 105, 114, 155, 178, 201, 140, 145, 84, 96, 139, 66, 94, 69, 7, 166, 87, 245, 167, 92, 210, 218, 118, 187, 196, 170, 135, 120, 53, 119, 72, 39, 190, 46, 196, 38, 187, 189, 203, 67, 51, 81, 201, 214, 65, 126, 164, 70, 152, 168, 172, 119, 93, 213, 138, 208, 227, 2, 3, 1, 0, 1]), { name: 'RSA-PSS', hash: 'SHA-256' }, true, ['verify']),
  crypto.subtle.importKey('pkcs8', new Uint8Array([48, 130, 4, 189, 2, 1, 0, 48, 13, 6, 9, 42, 134, 72, 134, 247, 13, 1, 1, 10, 5, 0, 4, 130, 4, 167, 48, 130, 4, 163, 2, 1, 0, 2, 130, 1, 1, 0, 176, 94, 197, 119, 0, 9, 176, 157, 182, 83, 98, 110, 116, 159, 12, 68, 229, 187, 156, 15, 25, 135, 178, 126, 31, 180, 227, 189, 109, 93, 237, 54, 143, 201, 48, 81, 82, 126, 125, 170, 91, 26, 51, 131, 42, 207, 218, 45, 139, 86, 113, 173, 7, 195, 230, 106, 74, 13, 7, 210, 77, 226, 85, 95, 99, 96, 55, 227, 182, 25, 10, 119, 85, 68, 101, 98, 38, 75, 127, 208, 219, 52, 93, 232, 228, 132, 6, 88, 246, 254, 105, 71, 162, 179, 241, 162, 99, 186, 13, 71, 241, 86, 47, 142, 125, 233, 255, 92, 94, 37, 168, 146, 108, 106, 242, 129, 127, 80, 231, 54, 33, 135, 197, 72, 220, 52, 147, 91, 68, 96, 164, 78, 103, 87, 244, 62, 20, 145, 202, 72, 111, 161, 145, 99, 122, 90, 106, 63, 42, 4, 196, 226, 67, 134, 213, 221, 250, 238, 145, 46, 243, 143, 59, 115, 168, 3, 21, 145, 58, 60, 210, 5, 154, 251, 199, 36, 70, 67, 224, 167, 165, 112, 204, 249, 88, 22, 40, 40, 233, 107, 216, 255, 176, 244, 230, 177, 232, 52, 7, 22, 105, 114, 155, 178, 201, 140, 145, 84, 96, 139, 66, 94, 69, 7, 166, 87, 245, 167, 92, 210, 218, 118, 187, 196, 170, 135, 120, 53, 119, 72, 39, 190, 46, 196, 38, 187, 189, 203, 67, 51, 81, 201, 214, 65, 126, 164, 70, 152, 168, 172, 119, 93, 213, 138, 208, 227, 2, 3, 1, 0, 1, 2, 130, 1, 0, 72, 158, 237, 61, 223, 149, 29, 213, 2, 162, 248, 239, 180, 51, 93, 16, 237, 107, 63, 137, 244, 32, 44, 189, 195, 254, 110, 155, 171, 241, 181, 223, 246, 122, 135, 219, 164, 85, 19, 23, 87, 37, 197, 186, 39, 161, 168, 27, 130, 185, 24, 91, 127, 204, 9, 15, 16, 232, 166, 164, 208, 142, 246, 74, 45, 152, 11, 203, 70, 74, 175, 69, 141, 165, 120, 253, 93, 249, 78, 106, 200, 39, 154, 215, 111, 104, 113, 88, 166, 115, 1, 20, 143, 8, 250, 224, 187, 161, 123, 32, 121, 93, 220, 125, 22, 153, 136, 29, 23, 98, 248, 51, 58, 83, 27, 1, 121, 83, 237, 176, 27, 68, 85, 86, 119, 221, 106, 34, 198, 81, 222, 242, 79, 42, 137, 210, 151, 126, 44, 200, 40, 253, 135, 122, 108, 186, 100, 58, 150, 227, 121, 181, 105, 61, 127, 227, 245, 136, 222, 83, 19, 144, 23, 98, 166, 164, 174, 100, 162, 243, 28, 56, 243, 26, 63, 197, 182, 137, 249, 150, 219, 232, 204, 161, 86, 66, 169, 29, 179, 101, 216, 46, 244, 3, 113, 53, 51, 30, 165, 23, 48, 106, 103, 122, 18, 171, 134, 243, 73, 32, 195, 159, 253, 88, 171, 44, 16, 222, 56, 246, 87, 29, 69, 98, 146, 98, 79, 141, 145, 49, 223, 144, 233, 245, 24, 38, 21, 253, 45, 3, 56, 163, 249, 70, 98, 166, 171, 117, 152, 243, 237, 139, 121, 145, 151, 169, 2, 129, 129, 0, 216, 228, 237, 147, 206, 117, 1, 50, 70, 30, 77, 53, 231, 14, 43, 201, 187, 214, 147, 179, 209, 110, 126, 101, 67, 134, 171, 222, 100, 222, 62, 166, 236, 170, 63, 157, 200, 249, 134, 81, 217, 32, 85, 38, 154, 119, 37, 11, 19, 201, 252, 46, 145, 253, 136, 134, 173, 85, 136, 217, 213, 125, 229, 144, 166, 71, 160, 64, 173, 244, 202, 119, 48, 129, 236, 145, 161, 166, 43, 143, 125, 8, 202, 193, 26, 217, 27, 140, 159, 98, 205, 167, 238, 176, 124, 83, 75, 113, 169, 80, 50, 183, 41, 236, 191, 168, 36, 80, 59, 90, 56, 37, 47, 72, 17, 45, 9, 57, 89, 46, 133, 120, 220, 186, 49, 9, 118, 45, 2, 129, 129, 0, 208, 43, 101, 123, 142, 130, 107, 251, 100, 49, 54, 37, 113, 88, 125, 59, 133, 19, 15, 89, 230, 100, 245, 33, 135, 123, 86, 187, 202, 49, 241, 220, 163, 237, 85, 34, 253, 32, 76, 136, 161, 254, 91, 49, 75, 232, 77, 92, 245, 69, 68, 171, 145, 184, 224, 68, 58, 250, 195, 86, 14, 35, 44, 241, 193, 254, 190, 203, 108, 169, 61, 97, 234, 10, 239, 89, 173, 49, 81, 105, 140, 173, 74, 243, 223, 187, 167, 22, 23, 154, 230, 88, 119, 86, 115, 129, 244, 218, 137, 26, 74, 171, 242, 19, 85, 97, 154, 111, 24, 30, 254, 4, 67, 42, 254, 205, 171, 82, 37, 158, 254, 104, 47, 53, 26, 21, 93, 79, 2, 129, 128, 11, 51, 223, 213, 135, 143, 97, 141, 112, 51, 182, 119, 55, 68, 243, 28, 11, 88, 172, 238, 87, 189, 230, 71, 98, 178, 125, 4, 18, 159, 172, 10, 193, 36, 149, 254, 151, 87, 212, 9, 60, 54, 192, 79, 43, 33, 70, 71, 137, 49, 32, 150, 99, 49, 254, 48, 62, 153, 177, 100, 214, 243, 22, 189, 94, 233, 74, 44, 173, 15, 124, 185, 165, 70, 192, 170, 80, 248, 29, 61, 223, 14, 106, 50, 137, 41, 119, 147, 206, 211, 178, 157, 158, 229, 124, 182, 108, 170, 37, 61, 160, 48, 247, 184, 99, 185, 210, 142, 86, 82, 117, 157, 238, 16, 65, 218, 218, 164, 28, 168, 27, 122, 191, 163, 218, 78, 139, 205, 2, 129, 128, 96, 55, 238, 204, 81, 110, 143, 34, 191, 136, 207, 146, 54, 245, 195, 204, 195, 17, 176, 66, 201, 111, 88, 174, 138, 196, 195, 174, 65, 35, 28, 187, 243, 57, 59, 228, 212, 67, 29, 156, 249, 227, 107, 155, 57, 142, 194, 83, 121, 58, 239, 38, 174, 80, 89, 184, 175, 218, 64, 119, 130, 73, 87, 248, 214, 198, 60, 194, 34, 19, 135, 191, 190, 66, 23, 167, 199, 153, 200, 27, 149, 94, 116, 10, 141, 27, 91, 123, 166, 165, 126, 90, 221, 174, 35, 237, 169, 147, 105, 83, 177, 184, 16, 72, 71, 106, 185, 203, 39, 199, 11, 122, 68, 225, 150, 172, 209, 199, 66, 132, 94, 235, 33, 6, 214, 107, 145, 153, 2, 129, 129, 0, 174, 40, 94, 12, 190, 3, 157, 254, 92, 138, 182, 205, 88, 120, 153, 192, 63, 182, 171, 11, 235, 30, 115, 54, 106, 216, 95, 65, 72, 189, 38, 11, 202, 201, 249, 110, 75, 55, 68, 20, 80, 186, 248, 150, 23, 5, 195, 5, 5, 15, 179, 161, 8, 83, 86, 187, 28, 228, 41, 103, 76, 48, 53, 122, 97, 19, 40, 214, 170, 60, 160, 51, 104, 72, 46, 22, 210, 110, 27, 119, 247, 133, 226, 112, 39, 146, 167, 41, 156, 54, 73, 6, 26, 198, 102, 67, 83, 244, 20, 47, 216, 74, 121, 47, 13, 118, 186, 146, 201, 19, 14, 218, 153, 207, 72, 233, 254, 140, 191, 111, 15, 25, 99, 13, 39, 8, 71, 175]), { name: 'RSA-PSS', hash: 'SHA-256' }, true, ['sign']),
  crypto.subtle.importKey('spki', new Uint8Array([48, 130, 1, 34, 48, 13, 6, 9, 42, 134, 72, 134, 247, 13, 1, 1, 7, 5, 0, 3, 130, 1, 15, 0, 48, 130, 1, 10, 2, 130, 1, 1, 0, 221, 98, 33, 140, 115, 83, 88, 147, 196, 47, 75, 241, 134, 248, 177, 116, 220, 9, 5, 200, 152, 33, 155, 252, 81, 129, 205, 44, 117, 27, 255, 129, 183, 81, 40, 200, 183, 68, 89, 4, 105, 232, 220, 212, 74, 205, 61, 6, 209, 166, 186, 72, 123, 236, 191, 144, 179, 68, 155, 152, 253, 7, 155, 51, 166, 183, 3, 17, 114, 79, 26, 47, 63, 177, 174, 226, 238, 254, 203, 134, 120, 79, 83, 122, 67, 98, 221, 38, 38, 188, 184, 49, 179, 225, 45, 86, 3, 47, 97, 85, 23, 98, 199, 18, 105, 187, 233, 230, 5, 147, 72, 226, 41, 144, 174, 198, 105, 107, 135, 239, 19, 62, 116, 17, 196, 143, 240, 151, 119, 132, 230, 149, 206, 63, 195, 234, 71, 71, 83, 33, 219, 68, 226, 53, 133, 152, 18, 44, 76, 42, 229, 1, 230, 147, 133, 74, 227, 109, 147, 196, 71, 35, 234, 18, 153, 50, 80, 79, 205, 65, 184, 12, 202, 25, 238, 182, 231, 152, 4, 97, 42, 193, 15, 164, 78, 8, 144, 24, 70, 78, 201, 34, 14, 1, 123, 220, 191, 225, 53, 184, 48, 95, 14, 206, 17, 0, 45, 198, 237, 246, 7, 92, 248, 86, 62, 36, 247, 95, 202, 121, 168, 100, 107, 76, 175, 228, 115, 91, 27, 80, 137, 244, 131, 200, 135, 52, 225, 239, 50, 135, 238, 223, 57, 75, 78, 31, 8, 84, 9, 225, 27, 180, 54, 242, 160, 35, 2, 3, 1, 0, 1]), { name: 'RSA-OAEP', hash: 'SHA-256' }, true, ['encrypt']),
  crypto.subtle.importKey('pkcs8', new Uint8Array([48, 130, 4, 190, 2, 1, 0, 48, 13, 6, 9, 42, 134, 72, 134, 247, 13, 1, 1, 7, 5, 0, 4, 130, 4, 168, 48, 130, 4, 164, 2, 1, 0, 2, 130, 1, 1, 0, 221, 98, 33, 140, 115, 83, 88, 147, 196, 47, 75, 241, 134, 248, 177, 116, 220, 9, 5, 200, 152, 33, 155, 252, 81, 129, 205, 44, 117, 27, 255, 129, 183, 81, 40, 200, 183, 68, 89, 4, 105, 232, 220, 212, 74, 205, 61, 6, 209, 166, 186, 72, 123, 236, 191, 144, 179, 68, 155, 152, 253, 7, 155, 51, 166, 183, 3, 17, 114, 79, 26, 47, 63, 177, 174, 226, 238, 254, 203, 134, 120, 79, 83, 122, 67, 98, 221, 38, 38, 188, 184, 49, 179, 225, 45, 86, 3, 47, 97, 85, 23, 98, 199, 18, 105, 187, 233, 230, 5, 147, 72, 226, 41, 144, 174, 198, 105, 107, 135, 239, 19, 62, 116, 17, 196, 143, 240, 151, 119, 132, 230, 149, 206, 63, 195, 234, 71, 71, 83, 33, 219, 68, 226, 53, 133, 152, 18, 44, 76, 42, 229, 1, 230, 147, 133, 74, 227, 109, 147, 196, 71, 35, 234, 18, 153, 50, 80, 79, 205, 65, 184, 12, 202, 25, 238, 182, 231, 152, 4, 97, 42, 193, 15, 164, 78, 8, 144, 24, 70, 78, 201, 34, 14, 1, 123, 220, 191, 225, 53, 184, 48, 95, 14, 206, 17, 0, 45, 198, 237, 246, 7, 92, 248, 86, 62, 36, 247, 95, 202, 121, 168, 100, 107, 76, 175, 228, 115, 91, 27, 80, 137, 244, 131, 200, 135, 52, 225, 239, 50, 135, 238, 223, 57, 75, 78, 31, 8, 84, 9, 225, 27, 180, 54, 242, 160, 35, 2, 3, 1, 0, 1, 2, 130, 1, 0, 87, 224, 1, 237, 28, 65, 243, 33, 4, 120, 185, 174, 111, 162, 251, 221, 165, 17, 183, 199, 254, 11, 41, 61, 168, 164, 219, 106, 80, 58, 2, 219, 220, 134, 76, 168, 15, 135, 3, 198, 170, 187, 146, 28, 122, 108, 169, 82, 177, 153, 122, 204, 22, 212, 204, 221, 133, 43, 48, 144, 51, 175, 247, 61, 51, 105, 229, 191, 225, 29, 225, 8, 236, 65, 125, 103, 250, 242, 12, 155, 157, 217, 239, 10, 211, 0, 197, 67, 197, 144, 151, 148, 179, 16, 40, 204, 193, 138, 231, 25, 189, 164, 169, 220, 119, 55, 238, 10, 46, 32, 94, 135, 215, 115, 228, 204, 65, 64, 59, 190, 252, 102, 135, 240, 29, 147, 253, 45, 133, 18, 123, 27, 171, 149, 217, 147, 162, 150, 55, 211, 247, 138, 176, 49, 154, 86, 188, 226, 134, 25, 133, 234, 40, 154, 146, 203, 50, 4, 84, 31, 122, 189, 0, 69, 135, 225, 20, 0, 183, 37, 191, 67, 78, 118, 202, 207, 157, 157, 198, 108, 137, 231, 147, 134, 75, 145, 130, 192, 225, 56, 43, 153, 32, 197, 221, 59, 233, 89, 163, 212, 27, 242, 179, 15, 189, 77, 82, 78, 100, 180, 142, 245, 237, 194, 174, 241, 87, 25, 175, 32, 56, 231, 152, 214, 217, 197, 56, 243, 70, 60, 77, 176, 29, 57, 43, 243, 78, 209, 104, 157, 248, 39, 63, 80, 56, 47, 149, 109, 12, 203, 159, 116, 163, 92, 96, 81, 2, 129, 129, 0, 253, 234, 23, 27, 184, 139, 77, 92, 246, 52, 151, 145, 48, 239, 89, 159, 119, 223, 130, 81, 104, 72, 209, 105, 237, 109, 162, 188, 184, 33, 80, 213, 85, 47, 113, 84, 185, 115, 5, 45, 155, 125, 88, 105, 213, 55, 92, 89, 155, 246, 182, 76, 94, 205, 184, 0, 127, 149, 215, 115, 155, 162, 169, 226, 248, 32, 155, 87, 72, 196, 217, 163, 140, 106, 185, 105, 48, 154, 31, 198, 38, 91, 51, 154, 163, 65, 177, 92, 28, 66, 213, 43, 101, 16, 233, 187, 224, 116, 141, 120, 2, 102, 132, 62, 188, 203, 21, 70, 167, 132, 230, 230, 114, 66, 64, 206, 124, 137, 225, 118, 42, 156, 145, 114, 106, 209, 72, 167, 2, 129, 129, 0, 223, 51, 163, 28, 226, 147, 154, 86, 163, 168, 185, 16, 78, 181, 149, 56, 12, 107, 41, 82, 18, 170, 131, 210, 103, 51, 110, 146, 196, 68, 210, 5, 115, 217, 122, 99, 197, 8, 125, 173, 160, 196, 114, 193, 189, 208, 140, 232, 153, 46, 153, 127, 155, 40, 145, 58, 213, 71, 147, 102, 206, 173, 246, 206, 179, 1, 231, 34, 248, 229, 121, 185, 71, 183, 205, 104, 166, 224, 213, 67, 115, 141, 245, 104, 248, 100, 160, 189, 218, 121, 37, 39, 34, 173, 15, 119, 101, 44, 193, 176, 2, 249, 35, 124, 0, 165, 16, 7, 110, 210, 16, 30, 147, 125, 179, 160, 99, 114, 26, 62, 149, 252, 113, 136, 194, 247, 224, 37, 2, 129, 128, 100, 246, 78, 199, 244, 2, 87, 249, 173, 224, 77, 160, 42, 208, 17, 87, 234, 103, 82, 63, 34, 115, 73, 233, 143, 193, 247, 98, 136, 232, 158, 102, 165, 95, 158, 245, 172, 99, 194, 220, 86, 166, 105, 160, 115, 106, 118, 235, 30, 171, 227, 226, 204, 19, 138, 165, 144, 21, 185, 188, 187, 86, 219, 172, 103, 51, 55, 241, 101, 250, 247, 251, 35, 27, 80, 172, 53, 234, 34, 214, 60, 108, 41, 65, 196, 198, 155, 74, 95, 230, 103, 50, 193, 22, 15, 138, 103, 254, 144, 61, 246, 222, 98, 153, 59, 162, 152, 204, 38, 82, 31, 41, 228, 166, 217, 116, 1, 107, 37, 222, 65, 165, 77, 228, 43, 251, 25, 163, 2, 129, 129, 0, 133, 58, 158, 95, 108, 131, 108, 121, 208, 192, 178, 142, 160, 92, 213, 16, 26, 161, 144, 141, 147, 228, 194, 64, 194, 39, 58, 22, 83, 31, 61, 57, 209, 247, 251, 141, 56, 28, 36, 96, 146, 121, 16, 130, 194, 217, 140, 114, 126, 149, 9, 60, 217, 17, 178, 246, 170, 62, 74, 38, 240, 177, 120, 131, 210, 232, 12, 222, 156, 48, 229, 162, 137, 195, 149, 209, 164, 226, 201, 137, 180, 157, 4, 226, 190, 121, 218, 84, 216, 230, 189, 29, 138, 30, 65, 0, 36, 157, 61, 147, 225, 130, 115, 2, 222, 163, 168, 88, 183, 118, 157, 246, 146, 85, 82, 246, 38, 198, 2, 18, 95, 150, 202, 242, 54, 102, 157, 29, 2, 129, 129, 0, 169, 126, 79, 164, 70, 238, 179, 136, 129, 238, 109, 233, 196, 68, 212, 221, 124, 182, 210, 19, 215, 225, 34, 169, 44, 245, 178, 223, 151, 9, 51, 222, 47, 2, 42, 38, 156, 205, 255, 237, 224, 37, 151, 32, 27, 69, 129, 199, 195, 248, 155, 85, 211, 144, 139, 87, 238, 70, 109, 95, 138, 162, 196, 90, 244, 103, 23, 158, 250, 218, 234, 156, 219, 24, 42, 221, 8, 116, 209, 0, 151, 223, 55, 122, 197, 36, 106, 230, 17, 233, 89, 81, 206, 131, 17, 196, 192, 109, 156, 195, 138, 98, 92, 93, 167, 199, 80, 204, 248, 125, 159, 218, 183, 26, 123, 128, 100, 189, 193, 59, 245, 242, 165, 223, 188, 109, 108, 160]), { name: 'RSA-OAEP', hash: 'SHA-256' }, true, ['decrypt']),
]);

Safari accepts all of them, Firefox accepts the first one and rejects the others with DataError, Chrome rejects all of them with DataError (as it should).

Uh oh!

Test importing spki and pkcs8 keys with algorithm-specific OIDs #307

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