[12.x] Boot managed queues before service providers boot - #60199

Backport of #60198 to 12.x.

Summary

Cloud::bootManagedQueues() registers the cloud queue connector and rebinds queue.failer. It's currently hooked to bootstrapperBootstrapped: BootProviders::class, which fires after every service provider's boot() has already run.

Any application service provider whose boot() touches the queue manager via the facade blows up under QUEUE_CONNECTION=cloud. For example:

public function boot(): void
{
    Queue::createPayloadUsing(fn ($connection, $queue, $payload) => /* … */);
}

Queue::createPayloadUsing(...) proxies through QueueManager::__call → $this->connection() → resolves the default connection. With QUEUE_CONNECTION=cloud that fails with The [cloud] queue connection has not been configured because the connector hasn't been registered yet.

Reproduction in a Cloud environment:

QUEUE_CONNECTION=cloud php artisan package:discover --ansi

Fix

Move bootManagedQueues() from bootstrapperBootstrapped: BootProviders::class to bootstrapperBootstrapping: BootProviders::class. This places it after RegisterProviders (so queue / queue.failer are bound) but before any user provider's boot() runs.

While here, refactor the early-return guard. The previous $_SERVER['LARAVEL_CLOUD_MANAGED_QUEUES'] check overlapped with the env-driven config configureManagedQueues() already populates. Derive intent from observable state instead: only register the cloud connector when queue.connections.cloud.driver === 'cloud'. The outer laravel_cloud() gate in Application::registerLaravelCloudServices() already prevents these hooks from firing off-Cloud, so the duplicate environment check is redundant.

A follow-up commit drops the now-unused LARAVEL_CLOUD_MANAGED_QUEUES env from the test setUp/tearDown.

Test plan

• tests/Foundation/Cloud/QueueTest.php — 36/36 pass
• vendor/bin/pint clean on changed files
• Existing testItDoesNotRegisterCloudConnectorWhenManagedQueuesIsInactive reworked into two tests covering the new conditions: missing queue.connections.cloud block, and driver !== 'cloud'