Dhudhuroa language
| Dhudhuroa | |
|---|---|
| Victorian Alpine | |
| Region | North-eastern Victoria, Australia |
| Ethnicity | Dhudhuroa, Djilamatang, ?Minjambuta |
| Extinct | early 20th century |
| Revival | 2010s |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ddr |
| Glottolog | dhud1236 |
| AIATSIS[1] | S44 |
Dhudhuroa is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of north-eastern Victoria. As it is no longer spoken, Dhudhuroa is primarily known today from written material collected by R. H. Mathews from Neddy Wheeler.[2] It has gone by numerous names, including Dhudhuroa, the Victorian Alpine language, Dyinningmiddhang, Djilamatang, Theddora,[3] Theddoramittung, Balangamida, and Tharamirttong. Yaitmathang (Jaitmathang), or Jandangara (Gundanora), was spoken in the same area, but was a dialect of Ngarigu.[1]
The Dhudhuroa language is currently undergoing a revival, and is being taught at Bright Secondary College and Wooragee Primary School.[4]
Phonology
[edit]Consonants
[edit]| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | b | d̪ ⟨dh⟩ | d | (ɖ ⟨rd⟩) | ɟ ⟨dj⟩ | ɡ |
| Nasal | m | n̪ ⟨nh⟩ | n | (ɳ ⟨rn⟩) | ɲ ⟨ny⟩ | ŋ ⟨ng⟩ |
| Lateral | l | |||||
| Rhotic | r ⟨rr⟩ | |||||
| Approximant | w | j ⟨y⟩ |
Blake and Reid (2002) suggest that there were possibly two retroflex consonants, but there is not enough evidence for them.[5]
Vowels
[edit]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i iː | u uː | |
| Open | a aː |
Grammar
[edit]Nouns are inflected for number, gender and case.
There are three numbers, the singular, dual and plural.[6]
References
[edit]- 1 2 S44 Dhudhuroa at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ↑ Blake & Reid 2002.
- ↑ Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, volume 75, page 324: It is obvious that the two, the Theddora and the Dhudhuroa, are the same.
- ↑ Jacks, Timna (10 October 2015). "VCE Indigenous language students awaken 'sleeping' Dhudhuroa tongue". The Age. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- ↑ Blake & Reid 2002, p. 185.
- ↑ Mathews 1909, pp. 278–279.
Sources
[edit]- Blake, Barry J.; Reid, Julie (2002). "The Dhudhuroa language of northeastern Victoria: a description based on historical sources" (PDF). Aboriginal History. 26: 177–210. JSTOR 24046052.
- Mathews, R. H. (1909). "The Dhudhuroa language of Victoria". American Anthropologist. 11 (2): 278–284. doi:10.1525/aa.1909.11.2.02a00100.
Further reading
[edit]- Bibliography of Dhuduroa people and language resources Archived 28 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine, at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
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