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Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir

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Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir
মির্জা ফখরুল ইসলাম আলমগীর
Alamgir in 2026
President of Bangladesh
Incumbent
Assumed office
21 August 2026
Prime MinisterTarique Rahman
Preceded byMohammed Shahabuddin
Hafiz Uddin Ahmad (acting)
Minister of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives
In office
17 February 2026 – 20 August 2026
PresidentMohammed Shahabuddin
Hafiz Uddin Ahmad (acting)
Prime MinisterTarique Rahman
Preceded byAdilur Rahman Khan
Succeeded byAbdul Moyeen Khan
Minister of Civil Aviation and Tourism
In office
18 November 2005 – 27 October 2006
Preceded byMir Mohammad Nasiruddin
Succeeded byM. A. Matin
Minister of Agriculture
In office
10 October 2001 – 17 November 2005
Preceded byA. Z. A. Nasiruddin
Succeeded byIqbal Hassan Mahmood
Member of the Bangladesh Parliament
for Thakurgaon-1
In office
17 February 2026 – 20 August 2026
Preceded byRamesh Chandra Sen
In office
10 October 2001 – 27 October 2006
Preceded byRamesh Chandra Sen
Succeeded byRamesh Chandra Sen
In office
15 February 1996 – 30 March 1996
Preceded byKhademul Islam
Succeeded byKhademul Islam
8th Secretary General of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party
In office
20 March 2011 – 13 August 2026
Chairperson
Preceded byKhandaker Delwar Hossain
Succeeded byRuhul Kabir Rizvi (acting)
Personal details
Born (1948-01-26) 26 January 1948 (age 78)
Thakurgaon, East Bengal, Dominion of Pakistan
PartyBangladesh Nationalist Party
SpouseRahat Ara Begum
Children2
Parent
EducationUniversity of Dhaka
Signature

Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir[a] (born 26 January 1948) is a Bangladeshi politician and educator who has served as the president of Bangladesh since August 2026.[1]

A senior member of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party, he served twice as member of parliament for the Thakurgaon-1 constituency and held cabinet posts as Minister of State for Agriculture and Civil Aviation and Tourism from 2001 to 2006 and as Minister of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives in his second term.[2] He was also the party's longest-serving secretary general, a post he resigned from upon accepting BNP's presidential nomination.[3][4]

Early life

[edit]

Alamgir was born on 26 January 1948 in Thakurgaon, East Bengal, Dominion of Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) to Mirza Ruhul Amin, a former member of parliament and Mirza Fatima Amin, a homemaker.[5][6] He completed his SSC from Thakurgaon Government Boys' High School. He completed his HSC from Dhaka College[7][8] and graduation from University of Dhaka. His ancestral home is in Mirzapur Village of Atwari Upazila in Panchagarh District.[citation needed]

Political career

[edit]

Student politics

[edit]

Alamgir was active in student politics at Dhaka University. He was a member of the then East Pakistan Students Union (EPSU), now known as Bangladesh Students Union, and was elected as the secretary general of the organization's SM Hall unit in the university. Alamgir rose through the ranks of EPSU and, at the height of the 1969 uprising against the Ayub Khan administration, he was elected as the organization's Dhaka University president.[9]

Teaching and other government positions

[edit]

In 1972, Alamgir became a teacher of economics at Dhaka College.[9]

Among other government responsibilities, Alamgir served in the administration of President Ziaur Rahman. He worked as a secretary of Deputy Prime Minister S.A. Bari, and State Minister Amirul Islam Kalam until the latter resigned in 1982. Following this, Alamgir taught economics at Thakurgaon Govt. College and also worked for the Bangladesh government's Directorate of Inspection and Audit as an auditor and UNESCO until 1986.[9]

Entry into politics

[edit]

In 1986, with the municipal polls ahead, Alamgir resigned from his government post. He ran for chairman in Thakurgaon municipality in the 1988 municipal elections as an independent candidate, and won.[9]

Alamgir joined Bangladesh Nationalist Party amid the countrywide uprising to topple the military regime of Gen. Hussain Muhammad Ershad in the early 1990s. In 1992, Alamgir was nominated as president of the BNP's Thakurgaon District unit.[9]

Member of parliament and ministries

[edit]

Alamgir ran in the 5th parliamentary election in 1991 from Thakurgaon-1 constituency on the Bangladesh Nationalist Party ticket but lost to Awami League candidate Khademul Islam.[10] He lost to another Awami League candidate again in the 7th parliamentary election in 1996, but this time with a very narrow margin: 51%–47%.[11]

In the 8th parliamentary election in 2001, as a Bangladesh Nationalist Party candidate, Alamgir beat Awami League candidate Ramesh Chandra Sen by 37,962 votes, garnering 134,910 votes.[9][12]

The government newly formed by Alamgir's BNP party appointed him Minister of State in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture. A cabinet reshuffle later named him Minister of State in charge of the Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism, where he served until the BNP government left office in October 2006.[9]

Alamgir ran again in the 9th parliamentary election in 2008, losing marginally to the Awami League candidate, he previously beat, Ramesh Chandra Sen.[13]

In the 2018 Bangladeshi general election, he was nominated by the Bangladesh Nationalist Party for both the Thakurgaon-1 and Bogra-6 constituencies. He lost his home constituency of Thakurgaon-1 (Sadar) to Awami League candidate Ramesh Chandra Sen,[14] but won Bogra-6 by a landslide, defeating his nearest rival, Jatiya Party candidate Nurul Islam Omar of the Grand Alliance.[15] He subsequently declined to take the oath of office as part of his party's strategy, prompting the Election Commission to declare the seat vacant and hold a by-election.[16]

Following the fall of the Hasina regime in the July Uprising of 2024, he was elected to parliament from the Thakurgaon-1 constituency in the 2026 Bangladeshi general election, held on 12 February, defeating Delawar Hossain, the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami candidate of the 11 Party Alliance, by approximately 98,000 votes.[17][18]

On 17 February, he was sworn in as a member of parliament[19] and later that afternoon took oath as Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives. It was his first appointment as a full minister, having previously served as a state minister in two ministries.[20]

5th BNP Council

[edit]

The 5th National Council of BNP in December 2008 named Alamgir senior joint secretary general, a post previously held by Tarique Rahman.[21]

Alamgir became well known in Bangladesh for his frequent appearance in the media as the BNP's spokesperson, particularly as leader of the opposition to the Awami League-led government that took office in January 2009.[citation needed]

BNP's secretary general

[edit]
Alamgir in 2010

Alamgir was named acting secretary general of the BNP by its chairperson, Begum Khaleda Zia, following the death of secretary general Khandaker Delwar Hossain in March 2011.[22] Some senior BNP figures disputed the nomination, stating that the BNP constitution does not allow for this. The dispute was ruled out[by whom?] on 21 March 2011, hours before Zia left for Saudi Arabia at invitation of the Saudi royal family.[22][23][24][25]

Alamgir continued criticizing the government vibrantly on different issues. Upon organizing mass antigovernmental showdowns, he warned the government to not obstruct the opposition events.[26][27][28] The party organized a number of countrywide populous showdowns and agitations against the government, most notably on the issue of the caretaker government, which the Awami League government demolished, enforcing its decisive two-thirds majority in the parliament in 2011.[29]

Alamgir's motorcade came under a violent attack by an armed mob in Lakshmipur on 2 August 2011 as it was approaching the main town where Alamgir was about to attend a party meeting. The attackers were not identified, but Alamgir and his companions alleged that they were members of the ruling party, the Awami League. Though Alamgir was unhurt, three vehicles (including the one in which he was riding) were vandalized, and ten people were injured.[30]

In February 2012, Alamgir criticized the government for its role in the Pilkhana massacre.[31] He claimed the violence was intended to permanently damage the national security of Bangladesh and accused the Awami League government of not properly investigating the incident.[32]

Alamgir became the BNP's secretary general in 2016.[33] On 13 August 2026, prior to submitting his nomination for the presidency of Bangladesh,[34] he stepped down as Secretary General of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party after 16 years in office.[35][36] His tenure made him the longest-serving Secretary General in the party's history. He also resigned from the party's National Standing Committee on the same day.[37]

Presidency (2026–present)

[edit]

Election

[edit]

Alamgir was nominated by his party, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), as its candidate for the 23rd presidential election.[38]

Alamgir casting his vote in the presidential election.

The election was held on 20 August, with Alamgir and Oli Ahmed as the two candidates. Mirza Fakhrul received 255 votes, while Oli Ahmed received 88 votes.[39]

On 9 August 2026, while speaking at an event at the Rangpur District Shilpakala Academy, Alamgir criticized what he described as the political decision-making of Rangpur's residents.[40] Referring to their electoral support for the Jatiya Party and Jamaat-e-Islami during periods when the BNP was in government, he questioned how the region could progress under such political choices.[41][42]

His statement drew a response from Jamaat-e-Islami lawmakers from the region.[43] On 11 August, 11 members of parliament elected from the Rangpur Division held a press conference demanding that Fakhrul withdraw his comments.[44] The party subsequently organized a protest rally in Rangpur the following day.[45][46]

Oath taking as the President of Bangladesh

On August 21, 2026, Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir was sworn in as the President of Bangladesh. At 7:30 p.m. on Friday, he took the oath of office as President at a ceremony held in the Durbar Hall of Bangabhaban in Dhaka. Acting Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad Kaisar Kamal administered the presidential oath to him.

The oath-taking ceremony was attended by Hafiz Uddin Ahmad, who was serving as the Acting President, Prime Minister Tarique Rahman, Chief Justice Zubayer Rahman Chowdhury, former Chief Adviser of the interim government Professor Muhammad Yunus, Leader of the Opposition in the Jatiya Sangsad Shafiqul Rahman, cabinet members, members of parliament, diplomats from various countries, and senior officials of the civil and military services. Leaders of various political parties also attended the ceremony.[47][48]

Cases and convictions

[edit]

2023 alleged attack on the residence of Bangladesh's Chief Justice

[edit]
Alamgir, along with Khaleda Zia and other senior members of BNP meeting with President Mohammad Abdul Hamid in 2016.

In 2023, Bangladesh Nationalist Party organized a mass gathering in front of their central office in Nayapaltan, Dhaka on 28 October.[49] In the following day, the Detective Branch (DB) of Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP) initially raided Alamgir's residence on charges of inciting of attacking on the police and attacked at the residence of the Chief Justice during the massive gathering. Exactly 10 minutes after the raid, the DB officials came back and took Alamgir into custody.[50] Which is confirmed by Press Wing Member of BNP Chairperson Shairul Kabir Khan and Additional Deputy Commissioner of DB, Gulshan Division, Hafiz Al Asad to Prothom Alo.[51] After the capture, he was taken to the head office of the Detective Branch. Deputy Commissioner of Media and Public Relations Department of DMP Farooque Hossain told Prothom Alo that he will be shown as arrested.[52] About nine and a half hours after the capture, the police reported that Alamgir was arrested. DMP Commissioner Habibur Rahman told Prothom Alo that he was arrested in the case of murder and car burning in Paltan police station.[53][54]

Later, following his bail application, the High Court Division observed in the full text of a judgment in mid-January 2024 that an attack on the Chief Justice's residence amounted to sedition.[55][56][57]

On December 3 of the same year, the Dhaka Metropolitan Magistrate's Court discharged 83 BNP leaders and activists from the case, including Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir and members of the National Standing Committee of BNP Mirza Abbas and Amir Khasru Mahmud Chowdhury.[58][59]

Views and ideology

[edit]
Alamgir and other members of BNP with US ambassador Peter D. Haas in 2023.

As a self-described liberal democrat, Alamgir opposed the ban of the Awami League.[60] In an interview to Indian Express he stated that BNP did not believe neither Islamic law nor fundamentalism.[clarification needed] He also commented that the BNP's alliance with Jamaat-e-Islami is a political "strategic" one. Alamgir rejected claims of BNP being anti-Indian calling it Awami League's propaganda. He sought friendly relations with India including India's right-wing Hindutva Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).[61][62]

In 2022, a group of Bangladeshi media personalities aligned with the Awami League organised a rally at Central Shaheed Minar, Dhaka, accusing Alamgir, Tarique Rahman, and their associates of a conspiracy to turn Bangladesh into Pakistan.

21 April 2026, while addressing Vice Minister of International Department of the Chinese Communist Party Jin Xin and other officials, Alamgir expressed gratitude to China for warm hospitality. He emphasis that China and Bangladesh's relationship built on mutual respect and shared benefit. Alamgir reaffirmed Dhaka's commitment to the One China Principle, he emphasized this principle as foundation of strong bilateral ties.[63]

Personal life

[edit]

Alamgir's father was politician Mirza Ruhul Amin.[64] Alamgir is married to Rahat Ara Begum, who attended Calcutta University and presently works in an insurance company in Dhaka. The couple has two daughters, Dr. Shamaruh Mirza and Mirza Safaruh. Shamaruh attended Dhaka University and was a teacher in the institution. She is now a medical scientist and the co-founder of SiTara's Story.[65] Safaruh, also a University of Dhaka graduate, teaches in a school in Dhaka.[66]

Alamgir's uncle, Mirza Ghulam Hafiz, was a BNP politician who served as the Minister of Land (1978–79), Minister of Law, Justice, and Parliamentary Affairs (1991–96), and was elected MP from a Dhaka constituency in 1979. Hafiz was the speaker of the 2nd national parliament of Bangladesh (1979–82).[67]

Another uncle, Wing Commander S. R. Mirza, served in the first government of Bangladesh, that was formed in exile (the Mujibnagar Government) in April 1971. His uncle was named to head the newly formed Directorate of Youth Camps that oversaw training facilities for freedom fighter recruits in 1971.[68]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ Bengali: মির্জা ফখরুল ইসলাম আলমগীর, romanized: Mirjā Phôkhrul Islām Ālômgīr

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ "Bangladesh elects veteran politician Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir as president". The Washington Post. 20 August 2026.
  2. ↑ "New state minister for civil aviation takes troubled Biman as a challenge". bdnews24.com. 18 November 2005. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023.
  3. ↑ বিএনপি মহাসচিব থেকে পদত্যাগ করলেন মির্জা ফখরুল. Samakal. 13 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  4. ↑ "BNP's Mirza Fakhrul in prison just after being made BNP secretary general". bdnews24.com. 30 March 2016.
  5. ↑ একাত্তরে পা রাখলেন মির্জা ফখরুল. Jugantor (in Bengali). Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  6. ↑ "Mother of BNP Secretary General Mirza Fakhrul dies". bdnews24.com. 12 April 2018.
  7. ↑ "If young generation is nurtured properly, Bangladesh will change: Mirza Fakhrul". Prothom Alo. 17 January 2025.
  8. ↑ "Fakhrul: Youth can change country's image". Dhaka Tribune. 17 January 2025.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 BNP Overcame Plots, Is Now United, Says Mirza Fakhrul, BangladeshFirst.com, 21 March 2011, archived from the original on 23 March 2011, retrieved 31 March 2012
  10. ↑ Ahmed, Burhan Uddin. Parliament Elections Report 1937–2008. Country First Foundation, 2010, p. 45.
  11. ↑ Ahmed, Burhan Uddin. Parliament Elections Report 1937–2008. Country First Foundation, 2010, p. 73.
  12. ↑ Ahmed, Burhan Uddin. Parliament Elections Report 1937–2008. Country First Foundation, 2010, p. 96.
  13. ↑ Ahmed, Burhan Uddin. Parliament Elections Report 1937–2008. Country First Foundation, 2010, p. 150.
  14. ↑ ঠাকুরগাঁও-১. প্রথম আলো (in Bengali). Retrieved 14 August 2026.
  15. ↑ মির্জা ফখরুল জিতেছেন বগুড়া-৬ আসনে, হেরেছেন ঠাকুরগাঁও-১ এ. Bangla Tribune (in Bengali). Retrieved 14 August 2026.
  16. ↑ ফখরুলের আসন শূন্য ঘোষণা. Prothomalo (in Bengali). 2 May 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2026.
  17. ↑ "Mirza Fakhrul Thakurgaon-1 Election Result : Fakhrul wins Thakurgaon-1 with 238,836 votes". The Daily Star. Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  18. ↑ "Mirza Fakhrul Islam wins in Thakurgaon-1". BSS. Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  19. ↑ স্থানীয় সরকার মন্ত্রণালয়ের দায়িত্ব পাচ্ছেন মির্জা ফখরুল. The Daily Ittefaq (in Bengali). Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  20. ↑ মির্জা ফখরুল ইসলাম আলমগীর পেলেন স্থানীয় সরকার মন্ত্রণালয়. Prothomalo (in Bengali). 18 February 2026. Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  21. ↑ "Tarique made powerful senior vice-chairman", The Daily Star, 9 December 2009, retrieved 31 March 2012
  22. 1 2 মির্জা ফখরুল বিএনপি'র ভারপ্রাপ্ত মহাসচিব [BNP acting secretary general Mirza Fakhrul], Daily Manabzamin (in Bengali), 21 March 2011, archived from the original on 22 March 2011, retrieved 31 March 2012
  23. ↑ বিএনপি'র গঠণতন্ত্রে ভারপ্রাপ্ত মহাসচিবের অস্তিত্ব নেই: হান্নান শাহ. Banglanews24.com (in Bengali). 22 March 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
  24. ↑ "Bangladesh - Services, Education, Beauty, and Other Informational Blog" মহাসচিব পদ নিয়ে বিএনপিতে দ্বন্দ্ব-কোন্দল বেড়েছে, Daily Samakal (in Bengali), 24 March 2011, archived from the original on 4 March 2016, retrieved 31 March 2012
  25. ↑ "Mirza acting, debate spreading within BNP", The Daily Star, 31 March 2011
  26. ↑ "Fakhrul alleges reign of terror", bdnews24.com, 27 December 2011, archived from the original on 1 January 2011, retrieved 31 March 2012
  27. ↑ "Govt trying to foil Ctg road march: Fakhrul", The Daily Star, 2 January 2012, retrieved 31 March 2012
  28. ↑ "Govt will be ousted thru' upsurge", The Daily Star, 26 January 2012, retrieved 31 March 2012
  29. ↑ "Make March 12 rally a success: Fakhrul", The Daily Star, 29 February 2012, archived from the original on 1 March 2012, retrieved 31 March 2012
  30. ↑ "Fakhrul's motorcade attacked in Laxmipur", The Daily Star, 2 August 2011, retrieved 31 March 2012
  31. ↑ "2009 mutiny part of govt plot: BNP", bdnews24.com, 25 February 2012, retrieved 31 March 2012
  32. ↑ "'It was a plot to weaken nat'l security'", The Daily Star, 26 February 2012, retrieved 31 March 2012
  33. ↑ Swadhin, Shahadat (23 November 2024), "Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir on the BNP's Vision for Bangladesh", The Diplomat
  34. ↑ রাষ্ট্রপতি পদে বিএনপির মনোনয়ন পেলেন মির্জা ফখরুলই. Prothomalo (in Bengali). 13 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  35. ↑ বিএনপির রাষ্ট্রপতি প্রার্থী মির্জা ফখরুল, ছাড়লেন দলের পদ. The Daily Star. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  36. ↑ "বিবিসি বাংলা লাইভ: রাষ্ট্রপতি নির্বাচনে মির্জা ফখরুল ইসলাম আলমগীরকে মনোনয়ন বিএনপির". BBC News বাংলা (in Bengali). 13 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  37. ↑ বিএনপি ও সরকারের তিন পদে মির্জা ফখরুলের সম্ভাব্য উত্তরসূরি কারা. Prothomalo (in Bengali). 13 August 2026. Retrieved 15 August 2026.
  38. ↑ "Mirza Fakhrul gets BNP's nomination for presidency". Prothom Alo. 13 August 2026. Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  39. ↑ "Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir elected as Bangladesh's 23rd President; CEC announces election results". BSS. 20 August 2026. Retrieved 20 August 2026.
  40. ↑ প্রতিনিধি (9 August 2026). হাসিনা যে ভাষায় কথা বলত, বিরোধী দলও ওই ভাষাতেই কথা বলতেছে: মির্জা ফখরুল. Prothomalo (in Bengali). Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  41. ↑ মির্জা ফখরুলের কোন বক্তব্যে আপত্তি জামায়াতের?. Bangla Tribune (in Bengali). Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  42. ↑ হাসিনা যে ভাষায় কথা বলতেন, বিরোধী দলও সেই ভাষায় কথা বলছে: মির্জা ফখরুল. www.ajkerpatrika.com (in Bengali). 9 August 2026. Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  43. ↑ মির্জা ফখরুলকে বক্তব্য প্রত্যাহার করতে বললেন জামায়াতের ১১ এমপি. Bangla Tribune (in Bengali). Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  44. ↑ প্রতিনিধি (11 August 2026). মির্জা ফখরুলের বক্তব্যের প্রতিবাদে রংপুরে জামায়াতের ১১ এমপির সংবাদ সম্মেলন. Prothomalo (in Bengali). Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  45. ↑ মির্জা ফখরুলের বক্তব্যের প্রতিবাদে রংপুরে জামায়াতের বিক্ষোভ-সমাবেশ. The Daily Ittefaq (in Bengali). Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  46. ↑ প্রতিনিধি (12 August 2026). মির্জা ফখরুলের বক্তব্যের প্রতিবাদে রংপুরে এবার জামায়াতের বিক্ষোভ–সমাবেশ. Prothomalo (in Bengali). Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  47. ↑ রাষ্ট্রপতি হিসেবে শপথ নিলেন মির্জা ফখরুল ইসলাম আলমগীর. Prothomalo (in Bengali). 22 August 2026. Retrieved 22 August 2026.
  48. ↑ রাষ্ট্রপতি হিসেবে শপথ নিলেন মির্জা ফখরুল ইসলাম আলমগীর. The Daily Star. Retrieved 22 August 2026.
  49. ↑ নয়াপল্টনে যে বার্তা দিয়ে মঞ্চ থেকে নেমে যান ফখরুল. Prothomalo (in Bengali). 28 October 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  50. ↑ মির্জা ফখরুলকে আটকের পর তাঁর স্ত্রী যা বললেন. Prothomalo (in Bengali). 29 October 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  51. ↑ গুলশানের বাসা থেকে মির্জা ফখরুল 'আটক'. Prothomalo (in Bengali). 29 October 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  52. ↑ মির্জা ফখরুলকে গ্রেপ্তার দেখানো হবে: ডিএমপির মুখপাত্র. Prothomalo (in Bengali). 29 October 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  53. ↑ আটকের সাড়ে ৯ ঘণ্টা পর মির্জা ফখরুলকে গ্রেপ্তার দেখানোর কথা জানাল পুলিশ. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 29 October 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  54. ↑ "Bangladesh opposition chief Alamgir arrested after clashes". BBC News. 29 October 2023.
  55. ↑ প্রধান বিচারপতির বাসভবনে হামলা রাষ্ট্রদ্রোহের শামিল: হাইকোর্ট. The Daily Star. 16 January 2024. Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  56. ↑ প্রধান বিচারপতির বাসভবনে হামলা রাষ্ট্রদ্রোহিতার শামিল: হাইকোর্ট. Jugantor (in Bengali). Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  57. ↑ প্রধান বিচারপতির বাসভবনে হামলা রাষ্ট্রদ্রোহিতার শামিল: হাইকোর্ট. Bonik Barta. Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  58. ↑ "The Financial Express" প্রধান বিচারপতির বাসভবনে হামলা: মির্জা ফখরুলসহ ৮৩ নেতাকর্মীকে মামলা থেকে অব্যহতি. The Financial Express. 3 December 2024. Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  59. ↑ প্রধান বিচারপতির বাসভবনে হামলা: মির্জা ফখরুলসহ ৮৩ জনকে অব্যাহতি. Samakal. 12 March 2024. Retrieved 13 August 2026.
  60. ↑ "Mirza Fakhrul's unabridged interview". The Daily Star. 18 November 2024. Archived from the original on 4 May 2025. Retrieved 15 May 2025.
  61. ↑ "'BNP tried to fix meeting with Ram Madhav in Bangkok, but Indian side chickened out'". The Indian Express. 29 December 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2025.
  62. ↑ জামায়াতের মতো ইসলামি আইনে বিশ্বাস করে না বিএনপি: ফখরুল. Bangla Tribune (in Bengali). Retrieved 16 May 2025.
  63. ↑ "Mirza Fakhrul backs China's 'One China policy'". Daily Sun. Retrieved 21 April 2026.
  64. ↑ "Mother of BNP Secretary General Mirza Fakhrul dies". bdnews24.com. 12 April 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  65. ↑ "Dr Shamaruh Mirza". Australian of the Year. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  66. ↑ Halim, Anwar Parvez. "Sons and daughters of political parents". Probe News Magazine. Archived from the original on 30 January 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
  67. ↑ মির্জা গোলাম হাফিজ. Panchagarh District (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 23 October 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
  68. ↑ Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012). "Mujibnagar Government". Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 6 October 2026.
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