[CP-stable] Fix TabBar glitchy elastic Tab animation - #161783

)

Original PR: (flutter#161514)

Fixes [M3 TabBar indicator animation broken both when swiping or
tapping](flutter#160631)

This refactors the elastic `Tab` animation. Added additional tests that
follows the elastic animation frame by frame and generates a golden
file.

<details>
<summary>expand to view the code sample</summary>

```dart
import 'package:flutter/gestures.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/scheduler.dart';

void main() => runApp(const MyApp());

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  const MyApp({super.key});

  @OverRide
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    // timeDilation = 10;
    return MaterialApp(
      home: ScrollConfiguration(
        behavior: ScrollConfiguration.of(context).copyWith(dragDevices: <PointerDeviceKind>{
          PointerDeviceKind.touch,
          PointerDeviceKind.mouse,
        }),
        child: Directionality(
          textDirection: TextDirection.ltr,
          child: DefaultTabController(
            length: 8,
            child: Scaffold(
              appBar: AppBar(
                bottom: const TabBar(
                  isScrollable: true,
                  tabAlignment: TabAlignment.start,
                  tabs: <Widget>[
                    Tab(text: 'Home'),
                    Tab(text: 'Search'),
                    Tab(text: 'Add'),
                    Tab(text: 'Favorite'),
                    Tab(text: 'The longest text...'),
                    Tab(text: 'Short'),
                    Tab(text: 'Longer text...'),
                    Tab(text: 'Profile'),
                  ],
                ),
              ),
              body: const TabBarView(
                children: <Widget>[
                  Center(child: Text('Page')),
                  Center(child: Text('Page')),
                  Center(child: Text('Page')),
                  Center(child: Text('Page')),
                  Center(child: Text('Page')),
                  Center(child: Text('Page')),
                  Center(child: Text('Page')),
                  Center(child: Text('Page')),
                ],
              ),
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

```

</details>

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/4f69f94b-0bcf-4813-b49f-06ff411435ca

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/65801c1c-d28f-4b42-870a-7140d5d3c4c3

| Before Test Results | After Test Results |
| --------------- | --------------- |
| <img
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/72ae9fbe-fef9-44a0-9b86-5a4c31fd39cf"
/> | <img
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/2545f35e-ac03-495d-a33b-72b9bc71299b"
/> |

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we expect every widget to implement].
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- [x] I listed at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description
above.
- [ ] I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with `///`).
- [x] I added new tests to check the change I am making, or this PR is
[test-exempt].
- [ ] I followed the [breaking change policy] and added [Data Driven
Fixes] where supported.
- [x] All existing and new tests are passing.

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